學生：董瑩蟬

1. The effects of mobile phone use on pedestrian crossing behaviourat signalised and unsignalised intersections 學生：董瑩蟬

2. Purpose • This paper main investigated the pedestrian crossing road behavior. • When the pedestrian used mobile phone that there behavior different with no used mobile phone. • When the pedestrian crossing at the signalised and unsignalised intersectionsthat behavior different.

3. Reference • According to the statistics data found the pedestrian accident rate between 11 to 14 percentage. (NHTAS, 2006; Australian Transport safety Bureau, 2005) • When the vehicle speed more than 40 km/h that pedestrian has higher risk. (Ashton,1981) • The 15% pedestrian accident because they owe attention. (Bungum et al.,2005)

4. Reference • Many studies found that mobile phone impact attention for driver. (Caird et al.,2004; Horrey et al., 2004; Young et al.,2003) • The road crossing behavior demand several cognitive attention. (Tabibi et al., 2003; Whitebread et al., 1999)

5. Reference • Some studies showed that the mobile phone have negative impacts. (Gartner et al., 2002) • The auditory distraction may effect the driver performance. (Green et al.,1993; Jancke et al.,1994)

6. Method • There are 546 participant this study. • There were three groups on this study, there are used phone, no used phone but cross the same direction (time- matched control), no used phone but age and gender the same time-matched control (demographic-match control). • The recorded data described with table 1.

7. Method

8. Result • The pedestrian distributed: • 270 females and 276 Males. • There are 48 at low socioeconomic status, 330 medium and 168 high. • 240 at signalised and 306 at unsignalised intersections. • There were 390 observed on weekday, 237 on weekend. • The observed 158 in the morning, 292 in the afternoon, 96 in the evening.

9. Result • There were one-third of three groups, include cas and • demographic-matched control, time-matched control • and using mobile phone.

10. Result • The time-matched control groups were significantly older than case and demographic-matched control.(t562=7.52,P<.001) • There were 182 pedestrian used mobile phone when crossing road. There were include 140 hand-held, 6 hand-free and 36 text messaging.

11. Result

12. Result • The females used mobile phone • that crossing speed slower than • demographic-matched control. • (F(1,59)=4.529, p=0.038) • The males talking on a phone • that crossing speed faster than • time-matched control. • (F(1,57)=7.991,p=0.006) • The males talking on a phone • that crossing speed not different • from demographic. • (F(1,65)=0.016, p=.899)

13. Result

14. Result • The female talking on a mobile • phone that crossing speed • not different from controls. • (F(1,138)=0.002, p=.963) • The males talking on a mobile • phone that crossing speed • slower than demographic- • match control. • (F(1,57)=1.121,P=.291)

15. Discussion • The pedestrian used mobile phone that crossing speed slower than no used mobile phone. It similar to Bungum et al. (2005) that found the cognitive distraction. • Some studies found that the driver used mobile phone the driving speed become slower. (Brown et al.,1969; Burns et al.,2002…ect.) • Many studies showed the used mobile phone that increased driver workload. (Cain et al.,1999; Atchley et al.,2004…ect.)

16. Conclusion • The pedestrian used mobile phone when they crossing road that increased cognitive distribution. • The pedestrian used mobile phone that may effect the road crossing safety.