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Covalent Bonding

Covalent Bonding. Goal: Make models of covalent compounds. Review Lewis diagrams for ionic compounds Draw dot structures for the ff: Iron (II) fluoride b. potassium chloride c. hydrogen sulfide Discussion on covalent bonding. ..ChemistryBondingCovalent Bonding.ppt.

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Covalent Bonding

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  1. Covalent Bonding Goal: Make models of covalent compounds • Review Lewis diagrams for ionic compounds • Draw dot structures for the ff: • Iron (II) fluoride b. potassium chloridec. hydrogen sulfide • Discussion on covalent bonding ..\Chemistry\Bonding\Covalent Bonding.ppt • Model Making: Covalent Compounds

  2. A covalent bond exists when two electrons are shared by two non-metallic atoms.*

  3. COVALENT BONDING Sharingof electrons in outer energy levels to gain stability

  4. Examples of Covalent Bonding

  5. HYDROGEN H H H H HYDROGEN MOLECULE

  6. Refer to the following key for the “color” of the atoms.

  7. PROPERTIES • low melting and boiling points Weak IMF of attraction between simple molecules • generally, do not dissolve in water

  8. generally, do not conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water do not contain ions

  9. ALLOTROPHY Elements exist in two or more forms in the same physical state POLYMORPHISM

  10. COVALENT STRUCTURES

  11. TESTS: • Physical Appearance • Smell (Fanning) • Gentle Heating • Solubility Test • Conduction of electricity

  12. Tetrahedral Arrangement

  13. GRAPHITE Layered structure

  14. GLASSES AND CERAMICS Super-cooled liquid Made up of Kaolinite

  15. Formula • Shorthand method for writing compound names. • Uses element symbols • Uses subscripts beside element symbol to indicate number of atoms of each element present in a molecule of the compound • Example • CH4 • Carbon – 1 atom • Hydrogen – 4 atoms

  16. Examples of Covalent Compounds

  17. METHANE (CH4) 6C 2,4

  18. AMMONIA (NH3) 7 N 2,5

  19. WATER 8O 2,6

  20. CARBON DIOXIDE O = C = O

  21. Properties of Covalent Bonds • Lower melting and boiling points when compared to ionic compounds • Atoms held together by weak forces. • Molecules in solids held closely together. • Generally poor conductors of electricity

  22. Polar Covalent Bonds • Unequal sharing of electrons in covalent bond which causes one end of the molecule to be slightly positive and one end to be slightly negative.

  23. Nonpolar Covalent Bonds Equal sharing of valence electrons in a covalent bond.

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