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Jeremy WALL European Commission DG Enterprise & Industry Directorate G, Unit 4

Enterprise and Industry Directorate-General. European Commission.

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Jeremy WALL European Commission DG Enterprise & Industry Directorate G, Unit 4

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  1. Enterprise and Industry Directorate-General European Commission UNECE Team of Specialists on Forest Products Markets & Marketing, Workshop – Rome, 20/10/2008The roles of wood in green building; effects on the forest sector in the ECE Region“The path to adequate education, training and skills development to support a wider, sustainable use of wood in construction” Jeremy WALL European Commission DG Enterprise & Industry Directorate G, Unit 4 Textiles, Fashions & Forest-based Industries

  2. Outline of presentation:1. EU Forest-based Industries > woodworking industries2. Needs for EU work on education, training & skills for wood3. EU survey of education, training & skills for wood4. Results from survey and workshop5. The path to adequate education, training & skills for wood in the context of “green building”

  3. 1. EU forest-based industries woodworking, pulp & paper (mfg. & converting); printing):- 340 Bn € turnover p.a.(8% of EU manufacturing added value), - 1.25 - 2. 5 M jobs (9 % of EU manufacturing jobs)- growing export markets for paper and structural timbers- 90 % (315 M m³) wood used from SFM in EU forests 55% NAITherefore the competitiveness of the EU forest-based sector must be maintained and enhanced products > jobs > wealth > growth Source: Communication on implementing the Lisbon Agenda (COM (2005) 474): sectorial file

  4. Communication on innovative and sustainable forest-based industries in the EU – COM (2008) 13 Final of 27/02/2008:EU Woodworking industries (WWI) (excluding furniture):production value: 115 Bn €; 1.3 M jobs; added value: 35 Bn €; 200 000 firms But: - mostly small & medium firms (SMEs) & micro firms; - high costs for wood; energy and labour - workforce: 41% low-skilled, 49% unskilled - low capacity for investment in R&D & education>> risk of relocation outside the EU (NB now also risk of « carbon leakage » (i.e. relocation due to energy-intensiveness)

  5. 2. Need for EU work on education, training & skills for wood:need for improved education, training and skills development for the EU woodworking industries was first identified in the 1999 sectorial competitiveness study (DG ENTR & CEI-Bois)2001-2005: the Enhanced Use of Wood Working Group identified four types of barriers to the enhanced use of wood: technical; legal & institutional; financial; information & knowledge transfer (incl. education)2003: “barriers” study, in concert with the CEI-Bois “Road Map 2010” initiative, identified a need to deepen knowledge & understanding of education & training (E&T) and skills, both in the wood sector and in key, linked occupations (KLO). Further reflection identified a likely mismatch of supply and demand for education, training and skills for wood.

  6. 3. EU survey of education, training & skills for wood2005: a DG ENTR survey was launched for:- mapping the EU supply & demand of E&T as a basis - for remedies to the mismatch of supply and demandSurvey scope: EU-27 (EU-25 + Bulgaria, Romania):woodworking industries: as per NACE Chapter 20key, linked occupations (KLO)i.e. those outside the wood industries who decide if wood is used or not.(e.g. architects, specifiers, planners, etc.)(NB Extensive survey documents)

  7. Survey target groups:Supply side (availability of courses): government, academia: Demand side (E&T and skills needs): EU wood industriesFor each target group, questions were focused on:- wood-related & other E&T for WWI ((non-)wood for “woodies”)- wood-related E&T for KLO (wood for “non-woodies”)Three levels (ISCED-based):operative technical tertiarytaking into account initial and continuing (life-long) learning and seeking a maximum of information in a “one-off” opportunity

  8. DG ENTR - project phases: • Survey by DG ENTR of EU supply (govt.) and demand (industry) sides of wood-sector and related education & training (launched 08/2005) • Reception of responses (09/2005 – 03/2006) • Consultants (hired under public tender): - literature review (NB few documents available) - analysis of survey responses (01-06/2006) - interim report (07/2006) 4. Preparation (12/06) of EU workshop 03/07 5. Conclusions & recommendations formed basis for project proposals under the EU Competitiveness & innovation programme (CIP), postponed to 2009

  9. Survey I: preparatory work – literarure review of:-National reports from: De, F, Hu, Sw, UK- Bologna Process, CEI-Bois Road Map, InnovaWood, Forest-based Sector Technology PlatformFindings of literature review:- needs for E&T well recognised, but not well defined- need identified for links between government, industry, academia, (others?) at all levels, whereas focus is on tertiary level only- new, closer links should include those between new sectorial training & national programmes- WWI sector not attractive for careers - EU-level schemes take more a/c of sectorial needs

  10. 4. Results from survey and workshop Survey II: response rates:- 20/27 EU countries responded (+ CH, Croatia) > 71 replies- more from supply side than demand side (25 -10; 18 both)+ supplementary results ex. InterFob (wood science students)Survey structural assumptions confirmed/refined:- industry sector and E&T supply structures confirmed- main KLOs identified and ranked): 1. architects, civil & structural engineers 2. designers (incl. interior), specifiers 3. construction firms, builders, insurers 4. legislators, regulators, planners 5. end-users (DIY, individuals)

  11. Survey III: supply side results 1:- courses exist at all three levels (operative, technical, tertiary), but in many cases course contents are not well identified- course satisfaction: these factors are ranked by importance: relevance>length>cost>career prospects- course attractiveness: lowest for operatives but for all three:image<career + salary structures<opportunites<working. env.- % females taking courses: +/- 20% at all 3 levels- job opportunities vary: 3rd>tech>op- but: more course applicants than places: op>tech>3rd (?!)- most courses lead to (vocational) qualifications but many of these face low acceptance: op>tech>3rd

  12. Survey IV: supply side results 2:- most qualified students find jobs within two years: tertiary > tech > operative- age: three levels: most jobs between 40-60 yrs. old, inflow: tertiary> tech.> operative- responsibility for courses: ministries > agencies > industry fed.s > firms- who pays for courses?: op. > tech > tertiary (no specific WWI grants!)- paid how?:pvt >grant/scholarship>bursary>tax credit- vocational training?: operative > tech > tertiary

  13. Demand side: - competencies - ranks for 3 levels: 1. technical knowledge 2. ability to adapt (NB 6th for tertiary) 3. ICT skills 4. management skills 5. inter-personal skills 6. entrepreneurship 7. communication – mother tongue 8. communication – other languages- do firms find qualified staff? 50:50 – mostly national- satisfaction with E&T?: op & tech NO; tertiary mixed- finance new initiatives?: no reply>yes>noneNew EU Member States:many more applicants than places (more than KLOs), despite unattractive/out-dated courses & political priorites for other sectors

  14. Overall conclusions:mismatch of supply/demand: no overall conclusions but match better in countries with strong wood-using traditions;Changes in 5-10 years?: no very common patterns:- supply side: « Bologna » main driver but progress slow- demand side: indust. wants more wood-specific courses- both: EU-level co-operation seen as importantRecommendations: - best practices (e.g. exchanges) should be identified, co-ordinated at EU level and disseminated:- forward-looking strategic partnership with industry leading academia, to address skills shortages through:- common courses/modules, based on market needs but also looking out of the « wooden box » e.g. environment- partnered sponsorship for students (industry +? EU?)- life-long learning packages e.g. free on-line knowledge(- promotion campaigns addressing the sector’s image)

  15. Survey follow-up 2: objectives of workshop:1. to present results of the survey;2. to discuss the results of the survey, gather inputs in reaction to the working document and expert presentations 3. to stimulate discussion on the challenges and priorities for remedial action in innovation, education and training for the EU WWI sector over the coming decades, identifying the appropriate actors.Participants:woodworking industries (incl. trades unions & students), academia, architects, national & EU officials

  16. Workshop (additional) conclusions 1:issues (confirmed or added):- wood complex, but high-tech material which meets needs of Climate Change etc. BUT:- industry not investing in E&T – - university courses based on history- mismatch of operative profiles against training (same problems for skilled/unskilled) - low attractiveness + poor image of sectorsolution areas:- focus on quality not quantity of wood products and systems, including mixed/composite uses of wood- architects prime KLO, but 50+% work is renovation- need to focus on output of E&T

  17. Workshop conclusions 2: solution areas:- « to teach we need to learn » (Japan)- identify & exchange best practices- use existing systems, adapting modules - avoid barriers e.g.between Bachelors/Masters- need for inter-disciplinary formats- industry & academia to link on course design- facilitate student & teacher mobility (e.g. Europass;NB Bologna very slow) - E&T for kids and consumers, + other KLOs - life-long learning vital, but USA > EU

  18. 5. The path to adequate education, training & skills for wood in the context of “green building” 2:Since workshop, new challenges have arisen, e.g.:- climate change threat and policies reinforced- energy and raw materials’ availability, security and prices: volatilility- banking and financial crises- changed “world order” from post-WW2 scenario (e.g. BRICs)Need moves from promoting use of more wood per se to fully integrating wood as a response vector for meeting challengesThe short-term market outlook is bleak, but we must take a long-term, strategic approach, part of which is for education, training and skills.E&T, especially for KLOs must view wood not only as a material, but as a systemic approach to address challenges, including:technical, aesthetic, legal, institutional and other aspectsThe EU survey and workshop have: learned lessons, given a mapping methodology, built EU- and national level contacts and networks

  19. Forest-Based Sector Technology Platform (FTP) has:Education & Training Task Force- workgroups: forestry, wood, pulp & paper: 1. wood group carried out mapping (2007-8) of the tertiary-level wood science & wood technology courses available in Europe which lead to a bachelor’s or master’s degree. Results will soon be on the FTP and InnovaWood web-sites:http://www.forestplatform.org/ andhttp://www.innovawood.org/2. technical- and operative-level courses in wood science and technology will subsequently be mapped;3. pulp & paper as well as the forestry value chain groups are starting to carry out the same work, starting with the tertiary level.4. mapping of life-long learning courses at all levels, including schools, has begun.Results will be periodically up-dated – final report foreseen in summer 2009.Other projects include:‘wood EMC² training programme’, a new high quality training programme for the wood construction and building sector in Europe.

  20. Future work?- is there a need for further action?- who will take lead? (industry?)- how to involve all necessary actors? (industry, architects, planners, educationalists, building users, property agents and managers, etc.)- need for follow-up at ECE level? - role for group/ task force/ Team of Specialists? - situation in other ECE regions?- need for new/non-EU survey?- creation and up-dating of national summaries?- resources?

  21. Many thanks! Grazie mile! European Commission, DG Enterprise and Industry Textiles, fashions &Forest-based Industries’ Unit (DG ENTR/G/4) E-mails: entr-forest-based-industr@cec.eu.int or jeremy.wall@ec.europa.eu http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/forest_based/index_en.html

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