Powers of State Governments in the United States

1. conduct elections, make laws concerning education, marriage, health, traffic, safety, and welfare, and grant powers to local government regulate trade between states, print money, conduct foreign policy, set up a postal service, maintain an army and navy establish court systems, taxation, borrow and spend money, make and enforce laws

2. Section 1: The States Section 2: State Legislatures Section 3:The State Executive Branch Section 4:State Courts Chapter 8State Government

3. Section 1: The States The Main Idea In the United States, all 50 independent states fit together to form one country. The federal system allows state governments to serve the needs of the their citizens while cooperating as a united country. Reading Focus • What powers do state governments have? • How do states work together with other states and with the national government in our federal system?

4. Election oversight Education Police protection Public building programs Health and safety Highways Delegated Powers- Powers given to the federal government Section 1: The States Powers Reserved to the States Reserved Powers Marriage & Divorce Concurrent powers, like taxation, are exercised by both state and federal governments.

5. Powers Reserved to the States Reserved Powers Provides the basis for many of the state powers • Tenth Amendment says any power not delegated to the federal government belongs to the people and the states. • allow state governments to establish rules for the health, safety, and welfare of the citizens of their states • The Constitution requires that state laws meet appropriate federal standards and adhere to Supreme Court rulings Or prohibited by the Constitution

6. Powers Reserved to the States • state governments have control over all governments within their boundaries • Local governments receive their powers from the states

7. conduct elections establish and maintain schools provide health, safety, and welfare establish and enforce marriage, traffic, and driving laws control over local governments Tenth Amendment

8. Section 1: The States The Main Idea In the United States, all 50 independent states fit together to form one country. The federal system allows state governments to serve the needs of the their citizens while cooperating as a united country. Reading Focus • What powers do state governments have? • How do states work together with other states and with the national government in our federal system?

9. Concurrent Powers • shared powers • Taxation • sales taxes, income taxes, and property taxes • pays for state services such as education, highways, and health and safety programs • making and enforcing laws • state and local court systems • borrow and spend money

10. conduct elections, make laws concerning education, marriage, health, traffic, safety, and welfare, and grant powers to local government regulate trade between states, print money, conduct foreign policy, set up a postal service, maintain an army and navy establish court systems, taxation, borrow and spend money, make and enforce laws

11. Section 1: The States State Constitutions • Preamble—states the ideals of the government • Bill of rights—list of rights guaranteed to citizens • Outline of government organization—duties of the government’s branches are spelled out • Provisions for elections • Provisions for managing state affairs, such as education, law and order, highways, and taxation • Methods of amending the state’s constitution and list of approved amendments Beginning of State Constitutions

12. taxation establish courts borrow and spend money make and enforce laws concurrent a preamble a bill of rights an outline of the organization of the state’s government election provisions state affairs provisions methods of amending the state constitution

13. Section 1: The States The Main Idea In the United States, all 50 independent states fit together to form one country. The federal system allows state governments to serve the needs of the their citizens while cooperating as a united country. Reading Focus • What powers do state governments have? • How do states work together with other states and with the national government in our federal system?

14. Section 1: The States Our Federal System • The full faith and credit clause of the U.S. Constitution ensures states will respect court decisions of other states. • Fugitives from one state are subject to extradition if found in another state. • States work together to reduce pollution and maintain mutual public interests. Process of returning a fugitive to another state.

15. Section 1: The States Our Federal System • Share the costs of providing a wide range of social services to the American people • cooperate in times of crisis-- severe natural disaster • Governments work together to conserve resources, assist the unemployed, build highways, and offer job training. Federal & State

16. full faith and credit clause extradition

17. Powers Reserved for the States SECTION 1 Question: What types of powers are reserved for the states? State concurrent Federal

18. Section 2: State Legislatures The Main Idea The process of passing state laws is similar to the process used in the U.S. Congress. In some states, citizens can take a direct role in making the state's laws. Reading Focus • How are state legislatures organized to equally represent the citizens of the their state? • How are state laws passed? • How do citizens participate in making state laws?

19. State Legislatures Smaller version of Congress • Every state has a law making body • Bicameral legislatures- 2 houses • Unicameral legislature- 1 house • Only Nebraska- Senate • vary greatly in size

20. Section 2: State Legislatures Populations in state election districts: • 1964—Reynolds v. Sims: all state election districts must be as equal as possible • Equally populated districts ensure the principle of “one person, one vote.”

21. Section 2: State Legislatures Many states require similar qualifications and terms of office for state legislators: • Must be U.S. citizens and residents of the district they represent • Senators must be at least 25 years of age, and representatives must be at least 21. (Vary) • Two- to four-year terms, some have term limits • Salaries and benefits vary widely from state to state.

22. Section 2: State Legislatures Sessions and Leaders • Each state determines when its legislature meets • Either the lieutenant governor or a selected official presides over the Senate. • Speakers are chosen in the lower houses. • Committees are appointed by the presiding officer.

23. d sa a Nebraska Reynolds v. Sims Alaska 13,089 Rhode Island New York California

24. Section 2: State Legislatures The Main Idea The process of passing state laws is similar to the process used in the U.S. Congress. In some states, citizens can take a direct role in making the state's laws. Reading Focus • How are state legislatures organized to equally represent the citizens of the their state? • How are state laws passed? • How do citizens participate in making state laws?

25. Section 2: State Legislatures Passing State Laws State bills follow a path similar to that of federal bills before they can become laws. • Bill Is Introduced • Bill Is Sent to Committee • Bill Reaches the Floor • Bill Is Sent to the Second House • Committee • Floor • Bill Is Sent to the Governor A bill that passes one house & fails in the second house does not become law. Becomes law when signed

26. Passing State Laws Joint Conference Committee • If both houses pass the bill, but in different forms it goes to a Joint Conference Committee. • made up of members from both house • members try to reach a compromise version of the bill that will be accepted by both houses • Both houses usually accept this final version

27. Passing State Laws • the governor may veto a bill • Item Veto-- In most states the governor also has the power to veto only one part, or item, of an appropriation bill • legislature can pass a bill over the governor’s veto by a two-thirds vote in each house (money)

28. joint conference committee

29. Section 2: State Legislatures The Main Idea The process of passing state laws is similar to the process used in the U.S. Congress. In some states, citizens can take a direct role in making the state's laws. Reading Focus • How are state legislatures organized to equally represent the citizens of the their state? • How are state laws passed? • How do citizens participate in making state laws?

30. How Citizens Participate in Lawmaking many opportunities at the state level for citizens to participate in the lawmaking process • Constituents– citizens represented by legislators • may testify at a committee hearings • send letters or make phone calls (lawmaking body)

31. How Citizens Participate in Lawmaking (Propose) • Initiative- Citizens are able to initiate, or start, new legislation • Referendum- voters must approve certain bills passed by the legislature before the bills can become laws • Recall- allow voters to remove elected officials from office (law) By collecting signatures on a petition Refers potential laws directly to the people, who then vote on them

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33. Section 3: The State Executive Branch The Main Idea • A state’s executive branch carries out laws made by the state’s legislative branch. Governors are the chief executives of state government. Reading Focus • Who is the state’s chief executive, and what are his or her powers and duties? • Who are the other officials of state executive branches?

34. Section 3: The State Executive Branch The State’s Chief Executive Governors lead the state government, set priorities, make government appointments, & implement laws to meet the needs of their states • State constitutions list the qualifications • Must be U.S. citizens who have lived in the state for a certain number of years. • Must be at least 30 years old. • Serve four-year terms with limits of one to two terms. • Salaries & Benefits vary Citizenship residency Age

35. Section 3: The State Executive Branch Powers & duties of governors • Proposing laws and programs to the legislature; approving or vetoing bills. • Developing state budgets. • Controlling state police and militia. • Appointing officials and supervising executive branch. • Call out the National Guard to help keep peace & assist with relief efforts Example- Riots

36. proposes new laws draws up the state budget helps candidates get elected in the next election heads the state police

37. Section 3: The State Executive Branch The Main Idea • A state’s executive branch carries out laws made by the state’s legislative branch. Governors are the chief executives of state government. Reading Focus • Who is the state’s chief executive, and what are his or her powers and duties? • Who are the other officials of state executive branches?

38. Section 3: The State Executive Branch Other officials of the state executive branch, in most states: • Lieutenant governor—succeeds governor; presides over the Senate • Secretary of state—keeps state records and supervises elections • Attorney general—in charge of legal business • State treasurer—supervises all state funds If dies, resigns, or is removed from office Collection of taxes

39. Governor Tom Wolf LT. GOV. MIKE STACK

40. Acting Secretary of the Commonwealth Pedro A. Cortés Attorney General Kathleen G Kane

41. Section 3: The State Executive Branch Other officials of the state executive branch, in most states: (continued) • State auditor (comptroller)—supervises the state’s financial records • Superintendent of public instruction—governs local school districts and distributes state funds Ensures that no public funds from the state treasury are used without authorization Audits Responsible for carrying out policies set by the State Board of Education

42. Section 3: The State Executive Branch State Executive Agencies and Officials • Help the governor carry out the laws • Have specific areas of responsibility such as agriculture, justice, labor, public safety, public works, or transportation • Officials of agencies are usually appointed by the governor. • Some jobs are filled through patronage. A system in which government jobs are given to people recommended by political party leaders & office holders

43. lieutenant governor secretary of state attorney general state treasurer state auditor comptroller superintendent of public instruction patronage

44. SECTION 3 Powers and Duties of the Governor Question: What are the powers and duties of the governor? • 1. Chief Legislator • 2. Chief Executive • Political Party • Leader • 4. Other Powers

45. Section 4: State Courts The Main Idea State court systems include lower courts, general trial courts, appeals courts, and state supreme courts. Reading Focus • What kinds of cases do state courts handle? • How is the state court system organized? • How are state judges selected?

46. State Court Cases • two levels of law and two sets of judicial systems • Federal courts address violations of the United States Constitution and federal laws • State courts address violations of state constitutions and state laws • Each state • creates its own court system • determine the way in which judges for its courts are selected

47. Section 4: State Courts State Court Cases The role of the state courts: apply and enforce the criminal and civil laws of the state • Criminal cases, which deal with violations of the law that harm individuals or society. • Civil cases, which deal with disputes between individuals or business and generally involve money or property. community

48. State Court Cases • Each state creates its own penal code- set of criminal laws • State courts have the authority to punish

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50. Section 4: State Courts The Main Idea State court systems include lower courts, general trial courts, appeals courts, and state supreme courts. Reading Focus • What kinds of cases do state courts handle? • How is the state court system organized? • How are state judges selected?