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This workshop presents the results of a study on the performance of recycled aggregate base in a seasonally cold region, focusing on freezing point depression, resilient modulus, frost depth, and freeze-thaw cycle prediction.
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2018 Pavement WorkshopMay 23-24, 2018 Laboratory and Field Performance of Recycled Aggregate Base in a Seasonally Cold Region Bora Cetin Assistant Professor Iowa State University Tuncer Edil & Ali Soleimanbeigi Professor Emeritus / Research Associates University of Wisconsin-Madison + 46 Associate Members
OUTLINE • Problem Statement/Introduction • Objectives • Materials & Methodology • Results • Freezing Point Depression & Freezing Temperatures • Resilient Modulus • Frost Depth & Freeze-Thaw Cycle Prediction • Elastic Modulus • Conclusions • Acknowledgements
PROBLEM STATEMENT Heaving Potholes
PROBLEM STATEMENT Frost Action – Alligator Cracking
CLIMATIC ZONES • Six climatic regions in the United States for pavement design
OBJECTIVES Primary Goals: • Stiffness of recycled and natural aggregates • Freeze point depression • Freezing temperature • Prediction of freeze-thaw cycles • Prediction of frost depth Base Layer
MATERIALS Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Natural Aggregate (Class 5)
METHODS • Materials were compacted at optimum moisture content Thermocouples
FREEZE-THAW PROCEDURE • Freeze-thaw cycles numbers: 0, 5, 10, 20 • Freeze-Point Depression Tests: • Determine the freezing temperature Freeze-Thaw Procedure 1-D
RESILIENT MODULUS-AASHTO T-307 Vertical Stress Vertical Deformation • Resilient Modulus (MR) • Stiffness • Durability • Test & Compaction Procedure D: 6 inches H: 12 inches Confining Pressure
FIELD SENSORS Thermocouples Moisture Sensors
RESULTS Freezing Point Depression Tests
RESULTS Summary of Freezing Temperatures • Based on the results of freeze-point depression tests, all samples were frozen at -15˚C.
RESULTS Laboratory Resilient Modulus Tests (No Freeze-Thaw)
RESULTS Laboratory Resilient Modulus Tests (After Freeze-Thaw)
RESULTS Temperature RCA
RESULTS Freeze-Thaw Cycles/Year
RESULTS Cumulative Freeze-Thaw Cycles
RESULTS Modulus After Freeze-Thaw Cycles
RESULTS Modulus vs Moisture Content
RESULTS Laboratory and Field Modulus After Freeze-Thaw Cycles
CONCLUSIONS Laboratory Tests • Stiffness changes slightly after 5 freeze-thaw cycles based on the laboratory tests • RCA Modulus Freeze-Thaw Cycles • Total modulus reduction: • RAP ~ 20% • Natural Aggregate ~ 60% over 20 F-T cycles
CONCLUSIONS Field Tests • Elastic Modulus Freeze-Thaw Cycles • RCA & RAP > RCA Blend & Natural Aggregate • Elastic Modulus Moisture Content • Laboratory Modulus = Field Modulus except RCA
Acknowledgments • Minnesota Department of Transportation • MnROAD (Benjamin Worel) • Recycled Materials Resource Center (RMRC) at the University of Wisconsin