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Chapter 19 The Origin of the Solar System

Explore theories including Descartes' vortex, Buffon's Passing Star Hypothesis, Laplace's Nebular Hypothesis, & more. Discover Solar Nebula Theory, Big Bang, and Survey of Solar System.

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Chapter 19 The Origin of the Solar System

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  1. Chapter 19 The Origin of the Solar System

  2. Essential Questions • What theories account for the origin of the solar system? • What properties must these theories explain? • How do planets form? • Is our solar system unique?

  3. 19-1 Theories of Earth’s Origin Early Hypothesis • French philosopher and mathematician Rene Descartes • He believed that the entire universe was filled with vortexes of whirling invisible particles. • In 1644 he proposed that the sun and planets formed when a large vortex contracted and condensed. • Evolutionary theory- calls upon common, gradual events or processes.

  4. Theories of Earth’s Origin Early Hypothesis • French naturalist Georges-Louis de Buffon • In 1745 proposed that the planets were formed when a passing star collided with or passed close to the sun and pulled matter out of the sun and the star. (Passing Star Hypothesis) • Flaws • stars are small compared to the space in between them far apart and would collide infrequently. • gas pulled from sun and other stars would be too hot to condense • Catastrophic Theory- depends on specific, unlikely events.

  5. Theories of Earth’s Origin Modern theory of the origin of the solar system • French Astronomer and Mathematician, Pierre-Simon de Laplace • 1796, combined Descartes’s vortex with Newton’s gravity theory to produce a model of a rotating cloud of matter contracting under its own gravitation and flattening into a disk (Nebular Hypothesis) • Flaws • Sun should be spinning very rapidly, it spins slowly (relative to planets)

  6. Origin of Matter All matter came into existence within minutes of the beginning of the universe, a single event called the Big Bang. A few hundred million years after the big bang matter formed galaxies containing billions of stars. Over time simple elements, for example- hydrogen and helium, linked together to form more complex elements.

  7. Solar Nebula Theory • Planets were formed from the disk of gas that surrounded the Sun as it formed. • Stars (protostars) form in contracting clouds. • Center grows hot and ignites a nuclear reaction, blowing dust and gas away.

  8. Proof • Infrared observations of T Tauristars

  9. Question • Why does the solar nebula theory imply planets are common?

  10. 19-2 A Survey of the Solar System • Testing the theories • Scientist search the future for signs of the past • Revolution and Rotation • Planets revolve around the Sun in an orbit that is close to a common plane (disk shaped) • Relative to Earth- • Mercury is tipped 7 degrees • Pluto- 17.2 degrees • All others- no more than 3.4 degrees • All planets and moons in our solar system revolve counterclockwise around the Sun, except Venus, Uranus, and Pluto • The rotation axis of the Sun and planets are also tilted similar to one another

  11. A Survey of the Solar System • Two Kinds of Planets • Terrestrial • Small, dense, rocky worlds with little or no atmosphere • Jovian • Large, low density worlds with thick atmospheres and liquid interiors

  12. Quiz for Chapter 21 • Clear your desks • You will need a piece of paper Name (first and last) Date Period Chapter 21 Quiz

  13. Questions • List at least two similarities and two differences between our Moon and Mercury • How was the Moon created? (current theory) Extra Credit- (your level of thought and effort will determine how many points will be given) If the Moon and Mercury were bombarded with meteorites and covered with craters, why did/didn’t the same thing happen to Earth?

  14. https://www.netflix.com/browse • https://www.amazon.com/Alien-Moons/dp/B078H9SF1T/ref=sr_1_7?s=instant-video&rps=1&ie=UTF8&qid=1541565345&sr=1-7

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