1 / 26

Dipartimento di Fisica, LENS - Università degli Studi di Firenze INFN, Sezione di Firenze

Orologi e interferometri atomici nuovi sensori ad atomi ultrafreddi per esperimenti di fisica fondamentale e applicazioni in laboratori terrestri e nello spazio. Guglielmo M. Tino. Dipartimento di Fisica, LENS - Università degli Studi di Firenze INFN, Sezione di Firenze.

monita
Download Presentation

Dipartimento di Fisica, LENS - Università degli Studi di Firenze INFN, Sezione di Firenze

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Orologi e interferometri atomicinuovi sensori ad atomi ultrafreddiper esperimenti di fisica fondamentale e applicazioni in laboratori terrestri e nello spazio Guglielmo M. Tino Dipartimento di Fisica, LENS - Università degli Studi di Firenze INFN, Sezione di Firenze

  2. Laser cooling of atoms nL nL v Lab ref. frame Idea: T.W. Hänsch, A. Schawlow, 1975 Exp. demonstration: S. Chu et al., 1985 nL(1-v/c) nL(1+v/c) Atom ref. frame Sr MOTLENS, Firenze

  3. The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997

  4. The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001

  5. Atomic beam Oven Atom Laser 2 mm atom laser T>Tc T<Tc Atom optics lenses atom mirrors laser beam-splitters interferometers

  6. m-traps Laser Cooling and loading: (<10 s) Single MOT system (need <50 mW of light) 108 atoms at T 50 mK and n 1010 cm-3 Evaporative cooling: (<1 s) Static magnetic trap (Ioffe-type) (need < 10 W)  105 atoms in condensate na = 1kHz nr = 10 kHz BEC production time<10 s

  7. Atomic clocks The definition of the second The second is the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the 133Cs atom (13th CGPM, 1967) Dn.Dt = 1

  8. Atomic clocks • Location finding • Precision navigation and navigation in outer space • Variability of Earth’s rotation rate and other periodic phenomena • Earth’s crustal dynamics • Secure telecommunications • Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) • Spectroscopy • Expression of other physical quantities in terms of time • Tests of constancy of fundamental constants • Tests of the special and general theories of relativity

  9. Accuracy of the atomic time from C. Salomon

  10. Towards a Sr clock – The experiment in Firenze Firenze 2003, Magneto-optical trapping of all Sr isotopes 1S0 - 3P1 (7.5 kHz) 1S0 - 3P0 (1 mHz, 87Sr) 1S0 - 3P2 (0.15 mHz) Optical trapping in Lamb-Dicke regime with negligible change of clock frequency •Optical clocks using visible intercombination lines Comparison with different ultra-stable clocks (PHARAO/ACES) PHARAO http://www.lens.unifi.it/poli/

  11. µwave-link two-ways Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space H= 400 km V=7 km/s T= 5400 s • A cold atom clock in space • Worldwide access • Fundamental physics tests PHARAO : Cold Atom Clock in Space. CNES (France) A. Clairon, P. Laurent, P. Lemonde, M. Abgrall, S. Zhang, C. Mandache, F. Allard, M. Maximovic, F. Pereira, G. Santarelli, Y. Sortais, S. Bize, H. Marion, D. Calonico, (BNM-LPTF), N. Dimarcq (LHA), C. Salomon (ENS) SHM : Space Hydrogen Maser. ON (Switzerland) L. Jornod, D. Goujon, L.G. Bernier, P. Thomann, G. Busca MWL : Microwave link. Kayser-Threde-Timetech (Germany) W. Schaefer, S. Bedrich ACES is open to any interested scientific user W. Knabe, P. Wolf, L. Blanchet, P. Teyssandier, P. Uhrich, A. Spallici New members : 2001: UWA (Australia), A. Luiten, M. Tobar, J. Hartnett, R. Kovacich 2002: LENS (Italy), G.M. Tino, G. Ferrari, L. Cacciapuoti ESA: MSM Stephen Feltham CNES: C. Sirmain + team of 20 engineers at CST, Toulouse Support: ESA, CNES, BNM, CNRS

  12. ACES ACES ON COLUMBUS EXTERNAL PLATFORM M = 227 kg P = 450 W Launch date : end of 2008 Mission duration : 18 months

  13. ACES objectives • L. Blanchet, C. Salomon, P. Teyssandier, and P. Wolf, A&A 370, 320 (2001)

  14. PARCSPrimary Atomic Reference Clock in Space

  15. Atom Interferometry Atom interferometer atomic flux at exit port 1 at exit port 2 Phase difference

  16. Matter wave sensors accelerations: rotations:

  17. Atom gravimeter/gradiometer in Firenze

  18. Misura Accurata di G mediante Interferometria Atomica MAGIA In collaboration with LNF, Frascati http://www.fi.infn.it/sezione/esperimenti/MAGIA/home.html

  19. HYPER Mapping Lense-Thirring effect close to the Earth Improving knowledge of fine-structure constant Testing EP with microscopic bodies Differential measurement between two atom gyroscopes and a star tracker orbiting around the Earth Atomic gyroscope control of a satellite

  20. Laser Cooled Atom (LCA) Sensor for Ultra-High-Accuracy Gravitational Acceleration and Rotation Measurements in response to ESA ITT No. AO-1-4477/03/NL/CH

  21. ICE : interferometry in 0-g

  22. Future prospects:Atom interferometers geophysics • Development of transportable atom interferometers EC-STREP “FINAQS”: BEC or Fermionic Source? space • Test of Newton’s law at short distances • Test of equivalence principle • New definition of kg • Accurate measurement of h/m and a • Search for electron-proton charge inequality •Test of equivalence principle for anti-matter (?) • New detectors for gravitational waves (?)

  23. Gravitational wave detection by atom interferometry Presentation at 2004 Aspen Winter College on Gravitational Waves: See http://www.ligo.caltech.edu/LIGO_web/Aspen2004/pdf/vetrano.pdf See also: Chiao RY, Speliotopoulos AD, J. Mod. Opt. 51, 861 (2004) A. Roura, D.R. Brill, B.L. Hu, C.W. Misner, gr-qc/0409002

  24. Fine

More Related