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Geometry and Spatial Sense

Geometry and Spatial Sense. Properties of 2-D and 3-D Shapes. Objective: To identify and classify two-dimensional (2-D) shapes by side and angle properties such as perpendicular and parallel lines, faces and edges , and compare and sort three-dimensional (3-D) figures. PART 1 SOLID SHAPES.

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Geometry and Spatial Sense

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  1. Geometry and Spatial Sense Properties of 2-D and 3-D Shapes

  2. Objective:To identify and classify two-dimensional (2-D) shapes by side and angle properties such as perpendicular and parallel lines, faces and edges, and compare and sort three-dimensional (3-D) figures

  3. PART 1SOLID SHAPES

  4. Two-dimensional Shapes (2D) • These shapes are flat and can only be drawn on paper. • They have two dimensions – length and width. • They are sometimes called plane shapes.

  5. Three-dimensional Shapes (3D) • These shapes are solid or hollow. • They have three dimensions – length, width and height.

  6. Face • Part of a shape that is flat or curved. • E.g. A cube has 6 of these.

  7. Edge • The line where two faces meet. • E.g. A cube has 12 of these.

  8. Vertex (Vertices) • The place where three or more edges meet. • This pyramid has 4 of these.

  9. Parallel • These type of lines stay the same distance apart for their whole length. They do not need to be straight or the same length.

  10. Perpendicular • A line that is drawn in a right angle to another line . • In solid shapes edges could be at a right angle to one another. • Faces could also be at right angles to one another.

  11. Cube • A three-dimensional shape which has 6 square faces all the same size. Some faces parallel Some edges parallel Some faces perpendicular Some edges perpendicular

  12. Cuboid • A three-dimensional shape which has 6 rectangular faces. Some faces parallel Some edges parallel Some faces perpendicular Some edges perpendicular

  13. Sphere • A perfectly round three-dimensional shape, like a ball. It has only one curved face. No parallel faces or edges No perpendicular faces or edges

  14. Hemisphere • A three-dimensional shape that is half a sphere. No parallel faces or edges No perpendicular faces or edges

  15. Cone • A three dimensional shape with a circle at its base and a pointed vertex. No parallel faces or edges No perpendicular faces or edges

  16. Cylinder • A three-dimensional shape with circular ends of equal size. Some faces parallel Some edges parallel Some faces perpendicular No edges perpendicular

  17. Pyramid • A three-dimensional shape which has a regular polygon for its base and triangular faces which meet at one vertex. • E.g. Triangular pyramid • Square pyramid • Hexagonal pyramid • Pentagonal pyramid

  18. Square base pyramid No faces parallel Some edges parallel No faces perpendicular Some edges perpendicular

  19. On Your Own • Using the printout of the different shapes I have handed out, please classify cone, cylinder, square-based pyramid, cube, cuboid, sphere, and hemisphere into the charts on the handout titled “Properties 3-D Shapes” • ***Note: There may not be a shape in all of the boxes!!!*** • What do you notice about the shapes you were able to put in the cells? There is one thing they all have in common. • I will show you the answers on the next slide when you are done.

  20. Written Task - Faces SOME PARALLEL FACES NO PARALLEL FACES Cube Cuboid Cylinder SOME PERPENDICULAR FACES Cone Square based- Pyramid Sphere Hemispere NO PERPENDICULAR FACES

  21. Written Task - Edges SOME PARALLEL EDGES NO PARALLEL EDGES Cube Cuboid Square-based pyramid SOME PERPENDICULAR EDGES Cylinder Sphere Hemisphere Cone NO PERPENDICULAR EDGES

  22. PART 2PLANE SHAPES

  23. Polygons Two-dimensional shapes that have sides made from straight lines. • E.g. triangles squares hexagons

  24. Quadrilaterals • Any two-dimensional shapes with four straight sides. • E.g. square rhombus rectangle trapezium kite

  25. Rectangle • A four sided two-dimensional shape with two pairs of parallel sides that meet at right angles.

  26. Kite • A two-dimensional shape with two shorter sides of equal length and two longer sides of equal length.

  27. Rhombus • A two-dimensional four sided shape with opposite sides that are parallel and all the sides are the same length.

  28. Trapezoid • A two-dimensional shape with four sides.One pair of sides is parallel with one side longer than the other.

  29. Pentagon • A two-dimensional shape with five straight sides and five angles.

  30. Hexagon • A two-dimensional shape with 6 straight sides and 6 angles.

  31. Octagon • A two-dimensional shape with 8 straight sides and 8 angles.

  32. What do we call a shape with:7 Sides?9 Sides?10 Sides?

  33. Circle • A round flat two-dimensional shape.

  34. Square • Two dimensional shape with 4 sides of the same length and 4 90° angles.

  35. Triangle • Two-dimensional shape with three straight sides and three angles.

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