Performance of the State and its Challenges

1. The Presidency Department of Performance Monitoring and Evaluation PERFORMANCE OF THE STATE AND ITS CHALLENGES Presentation to Portfolio Committee on Public Service and Administration 12 September 2012

2. Introduction: DPME focus areas M&E of national priorities • Plans for the 12 priority outcomes (delivery agreements) • Monitoring progress against the plans • Evaluating to inform improvements to programmes, policies, plans • Presidential hands-on monitoring Management performance M&E • Quality of management practices in individual departments and municipalities • Moderated self assessment • Drive a process of continuous improvement • Link results to assessment of HoDs M&E of front-line service delivery • Monitoring of experience of citizens when obtaining services • Presidential hotline • Unannounced visits • Citizen-based monitoring Government-wide M&E system • Develop capacity of national and provincial departments and municipalities to carry out M&E themselves • Address problems with data quality and information management • National Evaluation System

3. Introduction: Mid-Term Review Presentation draws on Mid-Term Review of national priorities (outcomes) – to end November 2011 Narrative mid-term review has been circulated, taken as read Review covers all 12 outcomes, including the five main priorities Presentation focuses on highlights, details in narrative Mid-Term Review is high-level, relatively short and readable and therefore does not comprehensively cover all work of government Intention is to provide a frank and balanced assessment of progress, and to contribute towards developing a culture of continuous improvement and accountable and transparent government

4. Introduction..continued • Presentation is based on administrative data from departments and from national statistics (this is how it should be to avoid duplication of monitoring and reporting) • But DPME will increasingly be seeking smart ways to validate data from departments in future, as requested by Cabinet and Parliament, without duplicating monitoring work by departments • Presentation also includes results of other monitoring work being done by DPME • Results of management performance assessments of national and provincial departments • Results of frontline service delivery monitoring

5. EDUCATION AND SKILLS

6. Education and skills progress • Improve quality of basic education • Increased number of children benefiting from ECD • Grade R enrolment doubled between 2003 and 2010 – likely to meet 2014 target of all Grade 1 learners having attended formal Grade R • Workbooks developed • Implementing measures to address teacher quality • 70% of learners now in no-fee schools • Grade 12 percentage passes increased in 2011, but fewer learners passing at bachelors level, and fewer learners passing maths • Average 2011 ANA Grade 3 literacy (35%) and numeracy (28%) and Grade 6 literacy (28%) and numeracy (30%) scores are very low, pointing to general lack of effective teaching and school management, including general weak district oversight of schools • Not meeting targets for curriculum coverage • Budget pressures due to compensation and lack of implementation of national guidelines limits spending on other essential education services • Lack of implementation of policy dealing with excess teachers is major contributing factor to budgetary pressures

7. Education and skills progress…continued • Addressing the problem of unemployed and unskilled youth • Increased enrolment of adult learners for ABET • Increased enrolment at FET colleges • National Senior Certificate for Adults to meet university entry requirements registered, but curriculum development delayed • Providing skills required by the economy • Number of unemployed learners and workers entering learnerships exceeding targets • 11 335 artisan learners entered training, exceeding target of 10 000 for 2011 – 2014 target of 12 000 artisans per annum will be met • But economic slowdown has reduced opportunities for workplace experience component of learnership and artisan qualifications • Targets for new teachers, honours, masters, doctoral graduates will be met by 2014

8. Education and skills: recommended focus to address challenges • Improve quality of basic education • Strengthen quality and coverage of early childhood development • Improve literacy and numeracy levels in lower grades • Support teachers to be able to teach English as a second language at earlier grades • Address quality and performance in mathematics and physics earlier in the system • Timely delivery of work books and text books • Monitoring use of work books, teacher attendance and teachers’ coverage of the curriculum by school and district management • Address under-expenditure of education infrastructure budgets • Assess impact of teacher development initiatives • Increase number of learners passing at bachelor’s level • Make ANA school results publicly available, for parents to monitor performance • Targeted interventions in under-performing schools • Strengthen school management in weak performing schools

9. Education and skills: recommended focus to address challenges continued… • Address problem of unemployed and unskilled youth • Intensify efforts to improve quality of qualifications provided by FET colleges to increase chances of graduates finding workplace experience opportunities and employment opportunities • Skills requirement of economy • Improve enrolment and throughput rate for students at tertiary level in engineering & health science • Low through-put rates • Lack of infrastructure and equipment particularly at historically disadvantaged universities • Insufficient learners passing matric at required levels with required subject combinations • Inappropriate selection of subjects at high school

10. HEALTH

11. Health progress Life expectancy • Life expectancy improving largely because of comprehensive response to HIV & AIDS • However, life expectancy still compares poorly with other countries with similar or lower levels of investment in health • This is partly due to: • Complex quadruple burden of disease (HIV and AIDS, maternal and child mortality, non-communicable diseases (NCDs), trauma and violence) • Limited multi-sectoral planning, management, coordination, and monitoring of NCDs and trauma and injury • Impact of social determinants of health (poverty, poor nutrition, limited access to clean water and safe sanitation, etc) Combating HIV and AIDS, and TB • Number of people living with HIV has stabilised • Reduction in mother to child transmission from 8% in 2008 to 3.5% in 2011, protecting more than 30 000 babies (per annum) from infection • 19.9 million people tested for HIV from April 2010 to date • 1.7 million people receiving antiretroviral therapy, up from 1,1 million in 2009 • Costs of ARV drugs halved – can treat more people within same resource envelope • 8 million people tested for TB and cure rate improved, reached 70% mark in 2010, but high TB incidence and HIV-TB co-infection remain a challenge

12. Health progress Improving maternal and child health • Reached 70% immunization coverage for diarrhoea and pneumonia • Improving percentage of mothers and babies presenting for care within 6 days of birth • Cervical cancer screening rate increased from less than 40% in 2009 to 57% in 2011 • Latest data indicates improvements in infant and under-5 mortality rates, linked to PMTCT and ART progress • Remaining challenges include: • Community delays in seeking healthcare • Weak management and poor quality of health care offered: • Poor compliance with clinical guidelines, shortage of supplies, weak infection control • Inadequate emergency obstetric care and postnatal care • High levels of malnutrition and stunting among children • Varied performance of immunisation programmes in districts (50-100%)

13. Health progress continued.. Improve health system effectiveness • Substantial steps taken towards establishment of NHI (Green Paper) • Good progress towards establishing Office of Health Standards Compliance • Patient satisfaction progress (latest measurement 60% vs 54% in 2009), but 2014 target of 70% at risk due to remaining quality problems • Improvements in quality of health care due to: • National leadership in development of norms and standards for quality of service • Audit of service quality in public health facilities, improvement plans being developed • Progress in Primary Health Care re-engineering and deployment of health teams to communities but significant challenges remain • Shortage of health professionals and specialists • Limited expertise in coordination of PHC among health professionals • Limited public awareness about benefits of health promotion and prevention rather than seeking hospital-based treatment

14. Health progress continued.. Improve health system effectiveness… continued • Progress with strengthening management of the health system: • Developed national human resource strategy, linking intake to projected demand • Training plans to ensure hospital managers meet minimum competency requirements • Regulations developed for competency criteria for managers and Leadership and Management Academy being established • Lack of progress regarding unqualified audits due to weak asset management and supply chain management in provinces (only 2/10 provincial health departments received unqualified audits in 2010/11) • Remaining management challenges include: • Limited delegation of powers to management at various levels • Limited use of health information management to inform service delivery • Poor HR planning, high attrition and shortage of health professionals • Poor maintenance of infrastructure

15. Health: recommended focus areas for remainder of term • Implement comprehensive information management system to track people on antiretroviral treatment • Intensify prevention of HIV and AIDS and TB and integration of services between them • Address increasing non-communicable diseases such as heart conditions; injury and violence, and socio-economic determinants of health such as poverty • Need to intensify multi-sectoral focus in these areas • Intensify focus on child nutrition and meeting the 90% target of deliveries in facilities • Implement service quality improvement plans following quality audits • Joint planning between Health, Higher Education and academic institutions to train doctors, pharmacists and nurses • Consider moving funding and management of the 10 central hospitals to national level • Improve performance of the National Health Laboratory Services • Address under-expenditure on health infrastructure grants and maintenance • Address financial and supply chain management challenges in health departments • Maintain turnaround momentum - despite significant improvements, SA performance on health indicators still poor by international standards relative to expenditure levels

16. CRIME AND CORRUPTION

17. Crime and corruption: mid-term review of progress • Reducing overall levels of serious crime • Overall serious crime decreased from 3,872 to 3,680 per 100,000 of the population • Murder, attempted murder, car-jackings and house robberies have decreased, however marginal increase in business robberies • Perceptions of the management of crime among citizens have improved • Decreasing overall serious crime could be due to more visible policing, more effective police action and community vigilance, amongst other factors • Improving effectiveness of the CJS • Detection rates for contact and trio crime increasing • Case backlog decreasing • Combating corruption • 1 529 allegedly corrupt people in the criminal justice system investigated • 192 officials were criminally charged, 86 convicted and 296 were departmentally charged between April and September 2011 • 56 suspects with illegally obtained assets of more than R5 million investigated, 26 of these have appeared in court but no convictions yet, assets worth R580 million of 19 individuals restrained • 255 other corruption-related convictions from April 2011 to date • 23 Presidential Proclamations since 2009 for SIU to investigate corruption cases • Improving victim support • Progress in establishing Thuthuzela Care Centres /Victim Support Rooms at police stations

18. Crime and corruption: recommended focus for remainder of term • Improve effectiveness of criminal justice system • SAPS far exceeded its targets for overall serious crime – targets set too low? • Align and integrate ICT systems of relevant departments to make CJS efficient • Speed up finalisation of cases in the courts • Further improve investigative (SAPS) and prosecutorial (NPA) capacities • Monitor parolee re-offending, and rehabilitation in general • Increase involvement of perpetrators of serious crimes in rehabilitation • Track re-offending by perpetrators of serious crime released on parole • Increase involvement of victims in parole hearings • Improving victim support • Increase number of victims who attend parole hearings • Assess quality of services in Thuthuzela Care Centres and Victim Support Rooms • Combating corruption • Improve quality and number of prosecutors, forensic and financial investigators in Anti-Corruption Task Team to increase chances of securing convictions • Ensure single coordination point for existing anti-corruption structures

19. JOBS

20. Jobs progress • GDP growth slow largely due to slowdown in global growth since 2008, sluggish export growth, and lower consumer demand largely due to over-extension of credit in SA in the boom period • Some increase in employment in 2011 but this has since decreased again, unlikely that 2014 target of 45% employment rate will be met (latest measurement is 41%, same as 2009) • Gini co-efficient & share of the poorest stagnant due to: • Impact of global crisis on low skilled workers and informal sector in SA • Slow progress in implementation of policies to reduce inequality (such as improving basic education and small business development)

21. Jobs progress…continued • Advances have been made in coordination around growth strategies (NGP, stakeholder agreements) • Progress with promotion of labour absorbing growth - industrial development strategies in manufacturing and mineral products; procurement reform; Jobs Fund • Progress with improving competitiveness and reducing costs: • Implementation of IPAP, minerals beneficiation, autos, clothing, solar water heating and renewable energy • Communications costs declining but rising electricity and transport prices • Strong action by competition authorities - food production, fertilisers, construction • Public employment programmes grew in volume and impact

22. Jobs: recommended focus for remainder of term • Ongoing implementation of New Growth Path and related strategies • Address cost and reliability of electricity and transport • Decisions on youth employment programmes and urgent implementation of these • Address stagnating research and development • Increase impact of SME support programmes • More systematic monitoring of implementation of microeconomic reforms, e.g. municipal permits and building approvals, work permits • Review impact of government regulations, charges and administered prices on employment creation • Implementation of business case for expansion of Community Work Programme and improvement of capacity in government to oversee the programme • Preparations for risk of slow global growth and to reduce potential impact of immediate risk of higher food prices, review policies which allow sharp food price fluctuations • Improve coordination of jobs initiatives across departments

23. Economic infrastructure

24. Economic infrastructure progress • Creation of Independent System Operator (ISMO) underway, to allow participation by Independent Power Producers (IPPs) • Medupi is a little behind schedule, Kusile is ahead of schedule - deficit until Medupi/Kusile are generating electricity • Logistics – road, rail and ports • Transnet moving freight to rail - 206mt by end of 2011/12 (2014 target 250mt) • Container Terminals – Durban re-engineering 90% complete, Cape Town 92% complete, Nqura 2 container berths added and 2 more will be completed by March 2012 • Locomotive acquisition on track • Progress with national roads , but affordability of tolls is a challenge • Progress with Water Augmentation Schemes and rehabilitation of 9 out of 25 dams complete, progress on water licences backlog, but little progress on equitable water pricing and funding models • Information and communication technology – wholesale broadband prices dropped by 73%, local loop unbundling with different providers on the same telephone lines starts by November 2012, 60% Digital Television broadcasting coverage • Improving coordination of infrastructure build programme through Presidential Infrastructure Coordinating Commission – project plans clustered, sequenced and prioritised into a project pipeline

25. Economic infrastructure: recommended focus for remainder of term • Complete establishment of Independent System Operator, establish single transport regulator, increase private sector participation in rail and ports • Monitor Medupi build programme, promote co-generation options, accelerate integration of renewable energy and accelerate demand-side savings • Logistics – road, rail and ports • Further improvement of port productivity • Address the affordability of road tolls • Ensure progress on equitable water pricing strategy, funding models and institutional structures for water infrastructure delivery and maintenance • Complete ICT connections of 125 Dinaledi and 1 525 district schools, finalise & implement national broadband plan, local loop unbundling, oversee Digital TV implementation • Create new institutional mechanisms at administrative level to sequence and coordinate the delivery of strategic integrated projects across the spheres of government and the private sector, fast-tracking approvals and ensuring value for money

26. RURAL DEVELOPMENT

27. Rural development progress • Addressing rural needs in a comprehensive fashion and improving services • Some appropriate service delivery models for remote rural areas have been developed (e.g. solar power, mobile clinics) but should be introduced more widely • Comprehensive Rural Development Programme (CRDP) reached 80 wards but at high cost per household • Agrarian reform and improving access to food • Land acquisition and redistribution programme: 823 300 hectares to 20 290 beneficiaries between 2009 and 2011 • Restitution programme: 712 claims settled between 2009 and 2011 • Overall, 6.7 million hectares transferred to blacks between 1994 and 2011 (27% of 2014 target of 24.5 million hectares) • Remaining claims for settlement are on high value commercial farmlands in the northern and eastern regions, difficult to resolve • But under-utilization of the newly acquired land, post-settlement • Insufficient involvement of the commercial sector in developing smallholders • Inadequate/ineffective agricultural support (extension workers) • Questions regarding effectiveness of financial support to small farmers

28. Rural development progress..continued • Rural unemployment • Broad unemployment in ‘tribal areas’ is rising rapidly, from 44% in 2009 (StatsSA QLFS 2009) to 52% in 2012, partly due to • Slow rate of overall national economic growth • Inadequate progress with smallholder farmer development • Lack of growth in employment in commercial agricultural sector

29. Rural development: recommended focus for remainder of term • Addressing rural needs in a comprehensive fashion • Develop policy and strategy on rural development • Evaluate Comprehensive Rural Development Programme pilot • Strengthen rural local government • Improve coordination and integration of different departments’ work in rural areas • Agrarian reform and improving access to food • Speed up restitution and land transfer processes • Increase post-settlement support to small holders • Promote subsistence agriculture • Tackle high food prices • Rural job creation • Focus on agro-processing, mineral beneficiation, tourism, local purchasing, environmental services • Expand the Community Works Programme in rural areas

30. HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

31. Human settlements progress • Informal Settlements upgrading • 83 000 serviced sites delivered by provinces by September 2011 • Concern about meeting target of reaching 400 000 households by 2014 • Rental Housing • 15 469 social/public/private units built (19% of target) with good project pipeline • Accreditation • On track with 8 municipalities accredited to level 2, awaiting provincial gazetting • 16 municipalities assessed for compliance • Well located state land made available for integrated housing delivery • On track with 1 329 hectares of SOE land is being transferred to Housing Development Agency & 1 066 hectares transferred to municipalities • Finance to the affordable housing market • Housing Development Finance Institutions – 122 000 loans to Sept 2011, on track • Contribution of private banks not yet being recorded by NDHS– therefore not able to report on progress against overall target of 600 000 loans

32. Human settlements: recommended focus for remainder of term • Acceleration of integrated housing delivery • National support to provinces and municipalities to map, categorise and implement informal settlement upgrade plans in 45 priority municipalities • Need national rental policy (that includes backyards), regulations and responsibilities • Provinces need to gazette 8 level 2 accreditations of municipalities • Need full accreditation of 6 metros • Identify and release well located state land to support higher densities • Conclude agreements with landholding government agencies on rapid land transfer, including its financing and requirements for densification • Put in place technical support agreements with municipalities and provinces for land transfer • Facilitate improvements in affordable “gap” housing market • Complete rationalisation of Housing Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) • Increase DFI support to provinces to develop mixed income and mixed use projects • Monitor private banks contribution to affordable housing market • Engage with private banks to increase their role in affordable housing

33. LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND BASIC SERVICES

34. Local government and basic services progress • Water • Overall access at 94.5%, unlikely to achieve target of 100% access by 2014 • Due to lack of operation and maintenance, 21% of the households with access to a tap do not always get water from the tap and 26% of hhs are affected by sanitation services and/or facilities that are not fully functional • Rate of delivery of the water infrastructure slowing, due to lack of bulk infrastructure, lack of engineering expertise for maintenance and operation • Refuse removal • Basic level of refuse removal risen to 72% by 2010/11, on target for 2014 • Unpermitted land-fill sites a constraint • DEA is working with provinces on this

35. …local government and basic services progress continued Access to sanitation increased from 77% in 2009 to 82% in 2011, not on target for 100% in 2014

36. …local government and basic services progress continued Access to electricity improved to from 81% in 2009 to 84% in 2011, not on target for 100% in 2014 due to lack of generation capacity, lack of bulk infrastructure and distribution networks

37. Local government and basic services progress.. continued Administrative and financial performance of local government • Insufficient progress has been made in improving the financial and administrative capabilities of municipalities • 2010-2011 Consolidated General Report on Audit Outcomes of Local Government: • Only 51% of all auditees received clean or unqualified audits (improvement on 44% in 2009-2010) • > 70% of officials in key positions do not have minimum competencies and skills • Operation Clean Audit has had little impact • Oversight and support to municipalities is fragmented and ad-hoc Deepening local democracy • Majority of ward committees established • But need more focus on providing guidance to ward committees to prepare ward-level service delivery improvement plans

38. Local government and basic services progress.. continued Monitoring of performance at local government level • During 2012 DPME has worked with DCOG and National Treasury to develop a tool for monitoring and identifying identify management and service delivery problems in local government • Will be piloting municipal assessments during 2012 and then rolling out to municipalities with poorest audit outcomes during 2013

39. Local government and basic services: recommended focus for remainder of term • Basic services • Put in place appropriate national institutional arrangements for coordinating delivery of basic services • Improve basic service norms to reflect whether infrastructure is actually working • Prepare and implement plans for delivery of basic services in the 22 districts with the highest backlogs • Strengthening municipal capacity • Implement appropriate planning, financing, support to different categories of municipalities • Expand the Community Works Programme to 1 million jobs • Strengthen ward committees to develop and implement ward-level service delivery improvement plans • Focused interventions in the weakest municipalities to improve financial management • Ensure municipalities fill senior management and technical posts with qualifiedand capable staff • More focus by provincial governments on fulfilling their constitutional and legislative mandate to support, monitor and intervene in municipalities

40. Environmental assets and natural resources

41. Environmental assets and natural resources progress • Water • Water use efficiency targets set for agriculture sector • Water use licensing backlog significantly reduced • 66 water supply systems awarded Blue Drop certification for 2010/11 period, increase of 74% against 2010 • Number of waste-water treatment works that scored more than 50% in Green Drop assessment increased from 216 in 2009 to 460 in 2011 • Accelerated Community Infrastructure Programme achieved 63m cubic metres of water savings against planned 3m • Plans for addressing Acid Mine Drainage in place - emergency scheme starts by March 2012 in the Western Basin • National Air Quality Indicator shows marginal improvement • 42% renewable energy in Integrated Resource Plan, 28 preferred independent power producers announced • 200 000 solar heaters installed, 70% in rural areas (2014 target 1 million) • New biosphere reserve (Gouritz Cluster) added to conservation estate, 13% of coast has partial protection (target of 14% by 2014) • 307 731 work opportunities and 74 114 full-time jobs created through Environment and Culture Sector of the EPWP

42. Environmental assets and natural resources: recommended focus for remainder of term • Water • Expand Blue Drop and Green Drop certification programmes and raise quality of water • Implement Acid Mine Drainage plans monitor mines’ compliance with water licences • Reduce solid fuel burning in homes and manage vehicle emissions • Implement White Paper on Climate Change and meet ambient air quality standards • Implement the projects approved and take forward the SA Renewables Initiative (SARI) launched at COP 17 • Ensure amendments to building regulations to promote energy efficiency are implemented • Implement simplified EIA process for SMEs and centralised electronic system for tracking environmental authorisation • Strengthen the National Wildlife Crime Reaction Unit (NWCRU) to address poaching, including rhinos • Consolidate the conservation estate

43. A better South Africa and a better and safer Africa in a better world

44. A better South Africa and a better and safer Africa in a better world progress • Consolidation of the African Agenda • Integration of NEPAD into the structures of the AU • Progress with the planning of key NEPAD infrastructure projects, including the North-South road and rail corridor • Elected on AU Peace and Security Council for a two year term, and the AU endorsement of SA’s candidature for the non-permanent UN Security Council seat, aiming to improve linkages between these two • Recent appointment of Minister Dlamini-Zuma as head of AU Commission • Regional integration • SADC Free Trade Agreement consolidated – 92% of product lines now 0% rated, compared to 85% in 2009 • Reform of global governance institutions • World Bank – Executive Director position created for SA, Nigeria, Angola • International Monetary Fund – G20 agreement on reform of IMF • UN Security Council – some progress in agreement to move reform from a discussion forum to a formal negotiation process • Trade and investment • Inward foreign direct investment has been improving, improvement in high value added exports and number of tourists • Successfully hosted COP 17 and obtained agreement

45. A better South Africa and a better and safer Africa in a better world: recommended focus for remainder of term • Consolidation of the African Agenda • Continue to strengthen structures and promote unity and cohesion of the region and continent • Continue to assert an independent African view in international platforms, including the UN Security Council, World Trade Organisation (e.g. re the Doha Round) • Regional integration • Consolidate the SADC Free Trade Agreement – further dropping trade barriers • Promote industrial development in SADC, leveraging complementarities and using a value-chain approach linking with NEPAD infrastructure projects • Reform of global governance institutions • International Monetary Fund – campaign for another seat for Africa • UN Security Council – continue to call for early and fundamental reform • WTO – build alliances with partners to reclaim the development mandate that launched the negotiations • Trade and investment - leverage additional investment from targeted economies

46. An effective and efficient public service

47. An efficient and effective public service progress • Some significant examples of improvements in service delivery, but not yet widespread • Waiting and turnaround times – significant progress in some departments e.g. Home Affairs with IDs (127 to 45 days) and permits; SASSA with processing of social grants; SAPS reaction times • Audit of health facilities and implementing improvement plans • On average less than 3% of funded posts vacant, but particular shortages of professional and technical skill • Time taken to fill vacant posts has improved from 9 months to 6 months (target is 4 months) • Standardised financial and human resource management delegations developed to enable quicker decision-making in departments • New regulations for monitoring of supply chain management, and to ensure payment to suppliers in 30 days • 74% of national departments received unqualified audits in 2010/11 – an improvement from 66% in 2009/10 • DPME, National Treasury, DPSA and Offices of Premier assessing quality of management practices in depts, improvement plans being put in place and monitored

48. Effective public service : recommended focus for remainder of term • Resolve issue of single public service • Improve service delivery quality and access • Draw lessons from best practices such as Home Affairs • Ensure all depts have service standards and improvement plans (currently only 78% of departments comply) • Focus on recruitment of professional and technical staff • Ensure performance agreements for HoDs are submitted to Public Service Commission • Reduce turnaround time on disciplinary cases • Ensure 100% of senior managers disclose their private interests, verify disclosures, and eliminate any potential risks of conflict of interest • Pay suppliers within 30 days • Address deteriorating provincial audit results (69% unqualified audits in 2010/11 from 73% in 2009/10) • Deal with cases reported on Anti-Corruption Hotline (currently national depts have only finalised 70% of cases and provincial departments 78%)

49. Institutional Performance

50. Background • June 2011 Cabinet approved annual assessments of management performance of national and provincial departments using MPAT tool • Focus on quality of management practices in departments • Aim to provide holistic picture of state of management – draw on existing secondary data • Complements existing assessment/audit initiatives (DPSA, NT, AGSA, PSC) does not duplicate • Does not focus on service delivery – covered by outcomes • But effective and efficient translation of inputs into outputs through good management practices important for improving implementation of policy and service delivery • Need to develop a culture of continuous improvement and sharing of good practice • Link institutional performance to individual assessment of HoD’s • Based on international experience (Canada, Kenya, New Zealand) where Office of President or Premier assesses management practices with aim of driving improvements through competition and sharing of good practice