Building Cultural Competence

1. Building Cultural Competence

2. Learning Objectives By the end of this self-study course, you will be able to: • Use and apply common definitions related to cultural competence. • Describe Michigan’s five cultural ethnic groups, including demographics, cultural protocols, religious affiliations and communications styles. • Describe the behaviors of cultural competence.

3. The Diversity Quiz • Don’t worry – this is really not a quiz! You will not be graded. We just thought you might enjoy answering a few questions as a way of learning the information. The “Quiz” is divided into 4 sections: Definitions, Demographics, Cultural Protocols and Religion. • Click once to read the question and see if you can figure out the answer. Don’t worry if you can’t, click again and we’ll provide the answer along with some interesting information. HAVE FUN!

4. Definitions - Question #1 What is the term that describes social groups with a shared history, sense of identity, geography and cultural roots which may occur despite racial difference, and is most often based on language and/or religious affiliation? ETHNICITY

5. Definitions - Question #2 What is the term that describes a human population considered to be distinct based on physical characteristics, most often skin color (it is also a social construct created to categorize people)? RACE

6. Definitions - Question #3 What is the term that identifies the country in which a person was born, or from which the person’s ancestors came? NATIONAL ORIGIN

7. Definitions - Question #4 What is the term used to describe all people who are not white? PEOPLE OF COLOR (This term is meant to be inclusive, emphasizing common experiences of racism)

8. Definitions - Question #5 • What does the acronym GLBTQ stand for? GAY, LESBIAN, BI-ATTRACTIONAL, TRANSGENDER & QUESTIONING (You may also see this referenced as LGBT)

9. Definitions - Question #6 What is the term that describes a set of beliefs and practices, often centered upon specific supernatural and moral claims about reality, the cosmos and human nature? RELIGION (This is often codified as prayer, ritual and religious law)

10. Definitions - Question #7 What is the term that describes unconditional positive regard without the dictates of an organized religious institution or practice? SPIRITUALITY

11. Definitions - Question #8 What is the term that describes a person’s sense of maleness or femaleness based on behavior, identity and/or how he or she expresses “male” or “female” traits? GENDER (Gender is a social construct that is largely artificial) Gender Identity is a person’s deepest, most innate sense of maleness (masculinity) or femaleness (femininity)

12. Definitions - Question #9 What is the term that describes the pattern of a person’s physical, sexual and psychological attraction to someone of a particular sex? SEXUAL ORIENTATION (This is the proper scientific, social and legal term)

13. Definitions - Question #10 What is the term that describes assignment at birth, usually by a doctor, as male or female based on biological appearance? • SEX or BIOLOGICAL SEX

14. Definitions - Question #11 What is the term that describes a determinable physical or mental characteristic for an individual which may result from disease, injury, congenital condition of birth or functional disorder, if the characteristic substantially limits one or more major life activities? DISABILITY

15. Definitions - Question #12 What term describes the totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions and all other products of human work and thought characteristic of a community or population? CULTURE

16. Definitions - Question #13 What is the term used to describe the ability of one culture to understand and feel comfortable with the cultures of other people? CULTURAL COMPETENCY

17. Definitions - Question #14 What is the term used to describe a situation where others and their differences are valued, and diversity is recognized and accepted? CULTURAL COMPETENCE

18. Definitions - Question #15 What is the term (considered destructive) used to describe American cultural norms wherein diverse populations must abandon their race, color, national origin/ethnicity, sexual identity and religious identity to conform to the predominant (White) culture? MELTING POT

19. Key Points Thus Far Everyone is temporarily able-bodied. There are two types of disability: Mental and Physical Everyone has a sex, gender, gender identity and sexual orientation. Everyone has a race, national origin, ethnicity, color and religious identity (even if agnostic or atheist). How we choose to define, embrace or hide these attributes is often dictated by how society perceives us as belonging to or not belonging to these particular groups, and the stereotypes associated with these groups.

20. Demographics - Question #1 What group makes up the single largest racial minority in the United States? AFRICAN AMERICANS Hispanics make up the largest ethnic minority. Also, people in this racial group are almost evenly split between how they want to be considered: African American 44%, Black 42%, No Preference 11%.

21. Demographics - Question #2 Where in the U.S. do the majority of African Americans live? THE SOUTH 56.53% live in the South, 17.86% live in the Midwest 16.83% live in the Northeast and 8.79% live in the West Note: Refers to individuals who have origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa. Most African Americans are the descendants of captive Africans who survived U.S. slavery. 16.83% 8.79% 17.86% 56.53%

22. Demographics - Question #3 What percentage of Michigan’s population consists of African Americans? 14.2% or 1,400,362 people Michigan has the 12th largest African American population behind New York, Florida, Texas, Georgia, California, North Carolina, Illinois, Maryland, Virginia, Louisiana, and Ohio. This is down from our ranking 9th in 2000. Michigan ranks third in the Midwest behind Illinois and Ohio.

23. Demographics - Question #4 Which cultural group consists of the indigenous people from the regions of North America now encompassed by the United States, including parts of Alaska? AMERICAN INDIANS/NATIVE AMERICANS They comprise a large number of distinct tribes, states and ethnic groups, many of which survive as intact political communities. Tribal communities are considered separate, sovereign nations. Only the Federal government can “recognize” a tribe, based on historical records and cultural identity, into legal existence.

24. Demographics - Question #5 How many federally recognized tribes are there in Michigan? TWELVE Bay Mills Indian Community, Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, Gun Lake Tribe, Hannahville Potawatomi Indian Community, Huron Potawatomi, Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Tribe, Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians, Little River Band of Ottawa Indians, Little Traverse Bay of Odawa Indians, Pokagon Band of Potawatomi, Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe, and Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians

25. Demographics - Question #6 What part of the country has the highest Native American population? THE WEST 45.6% live in the West 31.5% live in the South 15.64% live in the Midwest and 7.62% live in the Northeast. 58,500 Native Americans live in Michigan (0.6% of Michigan’s population). There are 2,900,000 Native Americans nationwide (1.2% of the national population). 45.6% 7.62% 15.64% 31.5%

26. Demographics - Question #7 Name the “Three Nations” which comprise the 12 Federally recognized tribes in Michigan. CHIPPEWA or OJIBWAY, OTTAWA or ODAWA and POTAWATOMIS

27. Demographics - Question #8 What percentage of Michigan’s population consists of Asian Americans? 2.2% or 238,600 people Most Asian Americans have settled in Southeastern Michigan; primarily in Oakland County, followed by Washtenaw, Ingham, Wayne and Genesee counties. There are 14,674,252 Asian Americans in the U.S., which represents 4.8% of the national population. 45.46% 20.86% 11.78% 21.90%

28. Demographics - Question #9 What is the largest Asian American group in Michigan? ASIAN INDIAN Followed by Chinese, Filipinos, Bangladeshis, Hmong, Koreans, Japanese and other Southeast Asians. Overall, countries of origin for Asian Americans include Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, East Timor, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Tibet, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam.

29. Demographics - Question #10 What percentage of Michigan’s population consists of Latino Americans/Hispanics? 4.4% or 436,358 people The major population centers for Latinos in Michigan include Metro Detroit (174,000) followed by Grand Rapids, Flint, Saginaw and Lansing. Nationally, Latinos number over 54 million or 16.3% of the total U.S. population making this the country’s largest ethnic minority Note – Hispanic is an ethnic category, not a race or racial category; it may include persons who consider themselves, or who are perceived to be, White, Black or Asian.

30. Demographics - Question #11 How many countries of origin are there for Hispanics? 20 Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Spain, Uruguay and Venezuela.

31. Demographics - Question #12 What are the 2 dominant features of the Arab world? ARABIC LANGUAGE and the RELIGION OF ISLAM However, not all Arabs are Muslim and not all Muslims are Arabs. In fact, the question of who is an Arab is in itself a highly contested issue.

32. Demographics - Question #13 How many countries comprise the Arab world? 22 Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros Islands, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Mauritania, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, The United Arab Emirates, Tunisia, and Yemen 72% of these countries are in North Africa and 28% are in Asia It is also important to note that the Arab world is also the home to non-Arab-ethnic groups such as Assyrians, Kurds, Armenians and Chaldeans

33. Demographics - Question #14 What percentage of Michigan’s population is Arab American? 5% or 490,00 people The U.S. Census Bureau does not gather direct data on the Arab American population however it is estimated that about 5,000,000 Arab Americans live in the U.S.

34. Michigan Quick Facts • 6% is “foreign born.” • 22% identify as non-White. • 50.8% are Women. • 17% reported having a disability. • 9% or 130,000 people 5+ years and older do not speak English “well” or “very well” and are classified LEP

35. Change is a fact • 9,883,640 People • Losses Since 2000 • 2% White • 0.9% Black/African American • 3.3% Hawaiian-Pacific Islanders

36. Change is a fact • 9,883,640 People • Gains Since 2000 • 6% American Indian/Alaskan Native • 34.9% Asian • 34.7% Hispanic/Latino • 19.7% Two or More Races

37. Cultural Protocols Many of us do not even think about the way we communicate, whether it is eye contact, personal space or body language. • Communication is verbal and non-verbal, conscious and unconscious and occurs at all times. • Culture influences every individual and individuals from the same cultures may react or conduct themselves differently than the “cultural norm”. • Communication is culture-bound (attitudes, beliefs, and ultimately behaviors).

38. Cultural Protocols People assume members of racial, linguistic, and religious groups share a common culture. However, individuals may share nothing beyond similar physical appearance, language, or spiritual beliefs. There are numerous communications styles WITHIN racial, gender, and ethnic groups. Some cultural groups have a unique greeting or body language while some things we all have in common.

39. Cultural Protocols Assimilation and acculturation can create kaleidoscopes of subcultures within racial and ethnic groups. Other factors such as gender, geographic locality, and socioeconomic status can be more powerful than racial factors.

40. What does this mean? It is difficult, if not impossible, to provide any uniform or universal rules regarding a cultural group’s norms. The protocols and norms that follow are only guidelines!!! Everyone deserves respect regardless of their particular race, color, national origin/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation or disability status.

41. Cultural Protocols - Question #1 For what cultural group are gender roles often different for men and women, and boys and girls? ARAB AMERICANS For some Arab Americans, this may mean dressing modestly, little socializing with the opposite sex and not dating as young people. Families tend to have very close relationships and extended families usually live near one another and are intimately involved in each other’s lives. Elders are shown considerable respect in family and community groups.

42. Arab American Culture Among many Arab Americans, use of the left hand to touch another person, to reach for something, or to take or pass food is inappropriate, because the left hand is associated with personal, bodily functions. Shoes and the soles of one’s feet are also thought of as being unclean. So, stretching out or crossing your legs and causing the feet to point at or to touch someone is considered inappropriate.

43. Cultural Protocols - Question #2 For which cultural group is gesturing at someone or even a specific object potentially considered disrespectful, particularly if that gesture is the pointing of a finger? NATIVE AMERICANS Most Native American Indians consider gestureless speech as "lifeless" speech, unspirited and indicating non-involvement, shows reluctance and can be perceived of as insulting. A true traditionalist draws the observer’s attention to the point of concern or interest through facial gestures, cutting the eyes in the precise direction or with a slight nod of the head toward the intended point of focus or interest.

44. Native American Culture Native Americans do not favor direct eye contact and may look down or away from another party while speaking. Although many Native Americans are accustomed to firm, long handshakes, some may opt for making a fist and placing it in the center of their chest, as personal touching between individuals is not a common practice. Native Americans generally prefer distance between individuals while standing.

45. Cultural Protocols - Question #3 Which cultural group is accustomed to giving firm, long handshakes, interpersonal touching and are generally neutral about standing close when standing? AFRICAN AMERICANS It is important to remember that a person’s skin color (black) may not create a cultural identity or affinity to the African American/Black culture here in the United States. For some African Americans, eye contact may be perceived as disrespectful when involving someone in authority, may show respect and integrity, or may be perceived as challenging.

46. African American/Black Culture 79% agree that it is important to preserve traditions such as music, cultural traditions, and food. 71% think its important “to stick together to achieve gains for the community”.

47. Cultural Protocols - Question #4 Which cultural group generally accepts physical closeness of individuals when standing or conversing (i.e., relatively small personal space)? LATINO AMERICANS/HISPANICS Generally, Latinos give firm, long handshakes, but may embrace or kiss one another in greetings, particularly friends or close acquaintances. Latinos prefer limited directness of eye contact, and may bow or nod and look away when speaking with someone.

48. Latino American/Hispanic Culture Contrary to popular belief, only 40% of Latino Americans and Hispanics are foreign-born immigrants, regardless of their U.S. citizenship status. Many of the 60% of Latino Americans/Hispanics who are U.S.–born, are children or grandchildren of immigrants. In all, a full 90% of all Latino Americans/Hispanics speak English. At least 78% of all Latino Americans/Hispanics speak Spanish. Because Puerto Rico is a self-governing, unincorporated territory of the United States, Puerto Rican citizens are statutorily U.S. Citizens.

49. Cultural Protocols - Question #5 For which cultural group is academic achievement considered the greatest tribute that one can bestow upon one’s parents and family? ASIAN AMERICANS In many Asian cultures, the family is the basic unit of society and the central focus of the individual’s life. Virtues such as patience, perseverance, self-sacrifice, maintenance of inner strength, self-restraint, modesty, and humility are each considered necessary expressions of dignity that promote the group welfare.

50. Asian American Culture It is not unusual for someone of an Asian cultural background to smile or laugh softly when describing something that is confusing, embarrassing, or even sad. Among many Asian sub-groups, hugging, back-patting, and handshaking are not typical as respecting personal space and lack of personal contact are generally considered more polite. Nodding the head up and down is taken as a sign of understanding and agreement in “American” culture. This same gesture may mean, “I hear you speaking” to some Asians, American Indian, Middle Eastern and Pacific Island groups. It does not signal that the listener necessarily understands or agrees with what is being said.