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Lead Poisoning

Lead Poisoning. James R. Ginder, MS, WEMT,PI, CHES Health Education Specialist Paula Mandel, RN, BSN Public Health Nurse Hamilton County Health Department 317-776-8500 www.co.hamilton.in.is. After the presentation you will be able to…. recall what lead is

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Lead Poisoning

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  1. Lead Poisoning James R. Ginder, MS, WEMT,PI, CHES Health Education Specialist Paula Mandel, RN, BSN Public Health Nurse Hamilton County Health Department 317-776-8500 www.co.hamilton.in.is

  2. After the presentation you will be able to… • recall what lead is • list three products that may contain lead • explain two ways children would become poisoned with lead • identify three signs and symptoms of lead poisoning

  3. Exposed Children • It is estimated that 14,000 Hoosier children under the age of 7 are lead poisoned • In 2005 only 8% of ALL children were tested for blood levels. Of these children 1.27% had confirmed elevated blood lead levels (10mg/dl) Source: ISDH

  4. What Is Lead… • A bluish white lustrous metal found naturally in the environment • Used in consumer products and manufacturing • Lead can be found in… ● Lead based paint ● Contaminated soil ● Household dust ● Lead-glazed pottery ● Inexpensive metal jewelry Source: www.webmineral.com

  5. Who Is At Risk For Lead Poisoning… • Children absorb lead more readily • All children are susceptible despite ● Urban or rural residency ● Race or ethnicity ● Income level • Children who are from: ● Members of minorities ● Recent refugees ● Medicaid recipients ● Living near or below the poverty level

  6. Exposure To Lead… • Eating (Ingestion) ● Lead particles & dust on hands transferred to food, drinks and children sucking on their finders ● 20% absorbed in adults (US Department of Health and Human Service) ● 70% absorbed in children and pregnant women (US Department of Health and Human Service) ●Breathing (Inhalation) ● Lead particles in the air

  7. Signs and Symptoms… ●Tiredness ● Wrist or foot drop ● Sleep problems ● Weakness ● Dizziness ● Clumsiness ● Irritability ● Joint and muscle pain ● Nervousness ● Vomiting ● Headaches ● Loss of Appetite ● Difficulty concentrating ● Stomach aches ● Depression ● Constipation ● Forgetfulness ● Metal taste in mouth ● Hyperactivity ● Numbness At Low LevelsNO observable signs and symptoms

  8. Body Systems That Lead Effects… • Brain and Nervous System • Reproductive System • Renal System (Kidneys) • Circulatory System (Heart, Blood) • Skeletal system (Bones and Joints) • Muscular System

  9. Other Effects… • Learning Disabilities • Speech and Language Problems • Behavior Problems • Hearing Damage • Pregnancy complication • Concentration Problems

  10. Lead And The Nervous System… • Most affect by lead • Damage can be permanent • Lead can damage the brain and destroy brain cells • Damage can result in depression, irritability, forgetfulness, clumsiness, learning problems • High exposures can result in hallucinations, coma and even death

  11. Effects of Lead On the Blood… • Lead damages red blood cells • Prevents cells from carrying oxygen • Lowers hemoglobin (carried oxygen)

  12. Effects Of Lead On Bone Tissue… • Lead from blood is deposited in bones • Prevents calcium release into blood • Blocks production of new blood cells • Bones and teeth store 95% of lead in the body • Lead is stored in bone tissue for over 30 years • Under stress, lead is released from bone tissue

  13. Effects Of Lead On Male Reproductive System… • Decreases libido • Infertility • Damage to sperm • Increase spouse’s chance of miscarrying, premature birth and birth defects in children

  14. Effects Of Lead On Female Reproductive System… • Reduces fertility • Affects menstruation and menopause • Lead passes through placenta to fetus • May cause brain damage to fetus • May cause miscarriage or premature birth • May be released from bones back to blood

  15. Some Known Sources… • Lead-based paint and dust from lead based-paint • Lead contaminated drinking water • Imported cosmetics • Vinyl and plastics • Jewelry • Pewter • Fishing weights, ammunition, etc

  16. Other Known Sources… • Lead contaminated soil • Occupational sources: ● Remodeling construction ● Smelters ● Battery factories ● Hobbies • Folk and ethnic remedies (Alarzon & Greta) • Food and food containers (tamarind candy, pottery, crystal glassware)

  17. Toys… • Some toys may have lead paint or other parts that have lead in them • To see a list of recalled toys visit: Mattel Toys www.mattel.com/safety/us/ Or U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission www.cpsc.gov

  18. Jewelry… • Jewelry may contain lead or paint used in the product may contain lead

  19. Lead In Homes… • Lead paint in homes built before 1978 place children at risk for lead poisoning • The older the home the higher the risk for lead hazards • Of the children poisoned, 80% of the exposed came from housing • 90% of the pre-1950 housing where the poisoned children lived had lead based paint hazards • CDC recommends having children tested for lead at 6 months and then yearly if your home contains lead paint of if you are exposed to lead at work or use lead in a hobby

  20. Where In The Home Is Lead… • Window sills and doors • Surface with chipped, peeling or deteriorating paint • Porches, rail fence • Bare soil around perimeter of house or play area • Floors where dust can settle

  21. At Risk Criteria… Children 6 Years Of Age And Younger: • Exposed to or living in a house or childcare center built before 1978 • With siblings or playmates who have lead poisoned • Frequently in contact with people exposed to lead thought work or hobbies • Who are recent immigrants • In low-income families • Enrolled in Hoosier Health Wise • Who are members of minorities particularly African Americans • Using folk or ethic remedies • Exposed to renovation and remodeling activities

  22. Testing For Lead… • A Blood test is used to check for lead exposure: ● Blood from a vein (Doctors office) ● Finger stick (Hamilton County Health Department) • Results > 10ug/dL require a confirmatory test: ● Must be sent to physician for a blood draw • Medical and case management is required • Retesting required if lead poisoning confirmed

  23. Blood Test Results… Normal Range 0-9 ug/dL

  24. Treatment… • Remove the lead source • If the lead source can not be removed, seal the lead product rather than remove it • Chelation Therapy: ●Medication that binds with lead so lead is excreted in the urine

  25. Other Treatments… • Nutrition Therapy: ● Diets high in iron and calcium ● Examples of foods high in iron are: *Cheese, fish, meat, eggs, beans, spinach, raisins ● Examples of foods high in calcium are: * Milk, cheese, ice cream, yogurt, bread, fish, meat, broccoli, fruit, nuts

  26. FREE Lead Testing… By Appointment Hamilton County Health Department 317-776-8500 www.co.hamilton.in.us

  27. More Information… • Centers For Disease Control www.cdc.gov • Consumer Product Safety Commission www.cpsc.gov • EPA www.epa.gov • Indiana State Department of Health www.in.gov/isdh

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