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OSMOSIS

OSMOSIS. http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_main.html. Diffusion. http://lhs.lps.org/staff/sputnam/Biology/U3Cell/diffusion_1.png. Animatioin from: http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/diffusion-animated.gif. Molecules move _______“where there’s _______”

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OSMOSIS

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  1. OSMOSIS http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_main.html

  2. Diffusion http://lhs.lps.org/staff/sputnam/Biology/U3Cell/diffusion_1.png

  3. Animatioin from: http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/diffusion-animated.gif Molecules move _______“where there’s _______” ____“where there’s _______” FROM A LOT to NOT

  4. DIFFUSION across a space DIFFERENCE Happens anytime there is a __________ in concentration in one place compared to another = ________________________ Concentration gradient

  5. DIFFUSION across a SPACE to High Low • Molecules move automatically from an area of _____ concentration ____ an area of ________ concentration • EXAMPLES Green dye in beaker demo, Someone making popcorn/grilling out Strong perfume, Bad smell in room http://leighhouse.typepad.com/blog/images/kool_aid.jpg http://www.swapmeetdave.com/Humor/Farts.htm

  6. DIFFUSION across a space equal everywhere Diffusion continues until the concentration is ________________ in space = ________________________ Equilibrium http://lhs.lps.org/staff/sputnam/Biology/U3Cell/diffusion_1.png

  7. Molecules need to move across membranes in cells Image modiified from: http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/importProt.html

  8. across Diffusion can happen ________ a _____________ in a cell, too membrane …as long as membrane will let the molecule _________________ pass through

  9. Video from: http://www.southtexascollege.edu/tdehne/BC_ShockwaveAnimations/08SWF-MembraneStructureAndFunct/08-02-MembraneStructure.swf SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE(Semi-permeable) See a movie http://life.nthu.edu.tw/~d857401/advance.html

  10. CELL EXAMPLE: DIFFUSION automatically moves oxygen from HIGHER concentration (in lungs) to a LOWER concentration (in blood) CO2 automatically movesfrom where there is a HIGHER concentration (in blood) to where there is a lower concentration (in lungs) http://www.le.ac.uk/pa/teach/va/anatomy/case2/2_2.html

  11. BUT….What if a cell needs to move _____ molecules? LARGE http://www.d.umn.edu/~sdowning/Membranes/membraneImages/jpegimages/diffusionmedium.jpg

  12. What if cell needs to move a molecule _________ the CONCENTRATION _______________ AGAINST Cell example: Want to put MORE glucose into mitochondria when there is already glucose in there (LOWER HIGHER) Image from: http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpg

  13. What if cell needs to move molecules really _______? (can’t wait for it to diffuse) FAST Cell example: Movement of Na + & K+ ions required to send nerve signals http://www.steve.gb.com/images/science/neuron.png

  14. We need a ____ to ____ molecules across cell membranes that _______ across by ___________ WAY HELP can’t go themselves

  15. Transport Through Membranes Passive Active Requires Requires Energy No Energy Examples Endocytosis Diffusion Osmosis Exocytosis Moves Large Molecules Minerals

  16. Kinds of ________ Transport PASSIVE __________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ • Diffusion • Osmosis • Facilitated Diffusion

  17. DIFFUSION across a membrane DIFFERENCE concentration Happens anytime there is a __________ in _____________ on one side of the membrane compared to the other Molecules that move by diffusion across membranes in cells: ______________ ______________ OXYGEN CARBON DIOXIDE See diffusionanimation http://www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm

  18. OSMOSIS = SPECIAL KIND OF DIFFUSION IMAGE by RIEDELL OSMOSIS ____________ See osmosis animation DIFFUSION __________ Movement of molecules across a_________________ membranefrom ______ concentration to _____ Semi-permeable lower Higher

  19. FACILITATED DIFFUSION PASSIVE • No energy required = __________________ • Moves from ________________________ • _____________________ grab molecule, change shape, and flip to other side (Like a revolving door) • Molecules that move this way in cells: _______________________ HIGHER to LOWER Membrane proteins GLUCOSE

  20. Kinds of ________Transport ACTIVE ________________________________________ ___________________________________ ____________________________________ • Sodium-Potassium Pump FYI • Endocytosis • Exocytosis

  21. ENDOCYTOSISTakes substances into cell ACTIVE energy ATP • _____________transport (requires __________ from ______) • Uses small membrane sacs called ______________ to carry substances VESICLES http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/cell.html

  22. PHAGOCYTOSIS Called“Cell Eating” germs White blood cell ___________ destroying _______

  23. ENDOCYTOSIS Animation from: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html http://www.accs.net/users/kriel/chapter%20nine/

  24. WBC engulfing a Bacteria • http://www.3d4medical.com/Phagocytosis-animation_AN2435.html

  25. EXOCYTOSISSubstances released outside of cell ACTIVE • __________ transport (requires __________) • Substances move in____________ • Examples in cells: • _______BODIES__ release packaged proteins this way energy VESICLES GOLGI

  26. Exocytosis http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBooktransp.html

  27. Video: http://www.southtexascollege.edu/tdehne/BC_ShockwaveAnimations/07SWF-TourOfTheCell/07-16-EndomembraneSystem.swf GOLGI BODIES USE EXOCYTOSIS Animation from: http://www.franklincollege.edu/bioweb/A&Pfiles/week04.html See a Golgi movie

  28. What if there is a difference in concentration but solute molecules can’t move across a membrane? WATER will move until concentration reaches equilibrium

  29. VOCAB SOLUTE _____________ = substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution _____________ = substance in which a solute is dissolved SOLVENT EX: Koolaid powder = solute Water = solvent Koolaid drink = solution http://www.makash.ac.il/h_school/hst/hstsb/chem/luach/dissolve.jpg

  30. Images by Riedell CONCENTRATION __________________ = mass of a solute in a given volume of solution MORE The _______ molecules there are in a given volume the ____________the concentration GREATER

  31. http://www.ouhscphysio.org/humanphys/animations/osmosis1.swf  See an animationOsmosis1 http://faculty.etsu.edu/currie/images/osmosis1.jpg

  32. http://www.ouhscphysio.org/humanphys/animations/osmosis4.swf OSMOSIS See an animation OSMOSIS 4 HYPERTONIC: Concentration outside cell is ____________________ inside cell More water leaves cell than enters so cell ____________ GREATER THAN shrinks

  33. Cell in Hypertonic Solution 15% NaCL85% H2O ENVIRONMENT CELL 5% NaCL 95% H2O What is the direction of water movement?

  34. http://www.ouhscphysio.org/humanphys/animations/osmosis3.swf OSMOSIS See an animationOsmosis3 HYPOTONIC:Concentration outside cell is ________________ inside the cellMore water enters than leaves cell so cellwill ___________________ LESS THAN Swell and possibly burst

  35. Cell in Hypotonic Solution 10% NaCL90% H2O CELL 20% NaCL 80% H2O What is the direction of water movement?

  36. OSMOSIS ISOTONIC: Concentration outside cell __________ concentration inside cell Water entering = water leavingso cell _____________________ EQUALS STAYS THE SAME SIZE

  37. Cell in Isotonic Solution 10% NaCL90% H2O ENVIRONMENT CELL NO NET MOVEMENT 10% NaCL 90% H2O What is the direction of water movement? equilibrium The cell is at _______________.

  38. Isotonic Solution Hypotonic Solution Hypertonic Solution NO NET MOVEMENT OF H2O (equal amounts entering & leaving) Cell Swells & may burst Cell shrivels up

  39. Animal cells http://www.stchs.org/science/courses/sbioa/metenergy/bloodcells.gif

  40. Osmosis in Red Blood Cells Isotonic Hypertonic Hypotonic

  41. http://www.stchs.org/science/courses/sbioa/metenergy/aplantturgor.gifhttp://www.stchs.org/science/courses/sbioa/metenergy/aplantturgor.gif Plant cells CELL WALL _____ keeps Plant cells from bursting

  42. VACUOLES store WATER http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_vacuole.html OSMOTIC PRESSURE _____________________________ = Pressure exerted by water during osmosis

  43. SO WHAT? Bath water is ________________ compared to you Sitting in the bathtub causes your fingers and toes to wrinkle up when water ________ your skin cells by osmosis hypotonic enters

  44. Grocery stores spray water on their veggies to “plump them up” http://www.painetworks.com/photos/gt/gt0461.JPG

  45. SO WHAT?

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