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Biology Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function

Biology Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function. Section 1. I. Objectives for section 7-1: Cell Discovery and Theory. Relate microscope technology to discovers of the cell Compare and contrast light and electron microscopes State the principles of the cell theory

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Biology Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function

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  1. Biology Chapter 7Cellular Structure and Function

  2. Section 1 I. Objectives for section 7-1: Cell Discovery and Theory • Relate microscope technology to discovers of the cell • Compare and contrast light and electron microscopes • State the principles of the cell theory • Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

  3. Section 1 II. Five scientists responsible for Cell Theory A. Microscope invented in 1600’s B. In 1665, English scientist, Robert Hooke was the first to see and name cells

  4. Section 1 Saw little boxes in slice of cork that reminded him of small rooms in which monks lived

  5. Section 1 C. In 1675, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Dutch scientist, discovered single celled organisms

  6. Section 1 1. Leeuwenhoek’s microscope discovers Spirogyra, a single- celled organism

  7. Section 1 D. 1838 - Matthias Schleiden (German) – stated all PLANTS and plant parts are composed of cells Cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells

  8. Section 1 E. 1839 - Theodor Schwann (German) - stated all ANIMALS and animal organs are composed of cells Nerve cells in your brain

  9. Section 1 F. 1858 - Rudolph Virchow (German) – stated all cells come only from existing cells (NOT spontaneous generation) First to see leukemia cells (in purple)

  10. Cellular Structure and Function Section 1 G. The Cell Theory • All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are basic unit of structure and organization of organisms 3. All cells come from preexisting cells

  11. Cellular Structure and Function Section 1 III. Cell Discovery and Theory • Light microscopes utilize series of glass lenses and visible light to magnify images • Magnifies living or nonliving things up to 2,000 times actual size Mite

  12. Cellular Structure and Function Section 1 B. Electron microscopes utilize magnets to aim a beam of electrons at a cell to produce an image • Magnifies images up to 500,000 times actual size 2. Spider leg --- inspiration for making post-it notes

  13. Section 1 3. Transmission electron microcsope (TEM) - electrons pass through a specimen • Can reveal a cell’s internal structure • Only use dead specimens Virus Image

  14. 4. Scanning EM- electrons bounce off a specimen (coated in metal), forming a 3D image of specimen Section 1 • Only nonliving samples can be used Fly Head and Leg

  15. Section 1 5. Scanning Tunneling Microscopes (STM) a. Charged tip of probe allows electrons to “tunnel” through small gaps in specimens • Computer generated 3-D images created c. Living objects (DNA) and atoms can be viewed Silicon Atom

  16. Section 1 Two basic cell typesWhat differences do you see?

  17. Cellular Structure and Function Section 1 IV. Two Basic Cell Types A. Prokaryotic Cell evolved about 3.5 billion years ago 1. Simple structure 2. Contains a plasma membrane 3. Does not contain membrane- bound organelles 4. Example: bacteria

  18. Cellular Structure and Function Section 1 B. Eukaryotic Cells have a more complex structure 1. Contains plasma membrane 2. Contains membrane- bound organelles

  19. Cellular Structure and Function Chapter CDQ 1 Chapter Diagnostic Questions • A • B • C • D 1. If you wanted to see a three-dimensional image of DNA from a live specimen, which type of microscope would you use? scanning electron microscope transmission electron microscope scanning tunneling microscope simple light microscope

  20. Cellular Structure and Function Chapter CDQ 2 Chapter Diagnostic Questions • A • B • C • D 2. Which is not a part of the cell theory? Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization of all living things. All living things are composed of one or more cells. Cells arise only from previously existing cells. Cells are produced spontaneously as an organism grows.

  21. Cellular Structure and Function Chapter FQ 2 Section 1 Formative Questions • A • B • C • D 3. Which type of electron microscope directs electrons over the surface of a nonliving specimen, producing a three-dimensional image? transmission electron microscope scanning electron microscope scanning tunneling electron microscope atomic force microscope

  22. Cellular Structure and Function Chapter FQ 3 Section 1 Formative Questions • A • B 4. All cells, whether eukaryotic or prokaryotic, have a plasma membrane. true false

  23. Cellular Structure and Function Chapter CDQ 1 Chapter Diagnostic Questions • A • B • C • D 1. If you wanted to see a three-dimensional image of DNA from a live specimen, which type of microscope would you use? scanning electron microscope transmission electron microscope scanning tunneling microscope simple light microscope

  24. Cellular Structure and Function Chapter CDQ 2 Chapter Diagnostic Questions • A • B • C • D 2. Which is not a part of the cell theory? Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization of all living things. All living things are composed of one or more cells. Cells arise only from previously existing cells. Cells are produced spontaneously as an organism grows.

  25. Cellular Structure and Function Chapter FQ 2 Section 1 Formative Questions • A • B • C • D 3. Which type of electron microscope directs electrons over the surface of a nonliving specimen, producing a three-dimensional image? transmission electron microscope scanning electron microscope scanning tunneling electron microscope atomic force microscope

  26. Cellular Structure and Function Chapter FQ 3 Section 1 Formative Questions • A • B 4. All cells, whether eukaryotic or prokaryotic, have a plasma membrane. true false

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