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Sponges...

Sponges. A brief introduction. SPONGES… Are in the phylum Porifera . Aren’t very animal-like - don’t have eyes, or move. Don’t have true tissues. Are heterotophs by filter feeding. Have structural organization and different cell types.

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Sponges...

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  1. Sponges... • A brief introduction...

  2. SPONGES… • Are in the phylum Porifera. • Aren’t very animal-like - don’t have eyes, or move. • Don’t have true tissues. • Are heterotophs by filter feeding. • Have structural organization anddifferent cell types. • Live in the ocean and somein freshwater. • 5,000 species of all sizes, someup to 16 feet across. • Found in all marine environments.

  3. Sponges reproduce both sexually and asexually. • Asexual reproduction means there is no fusion of male and female sex cells (gametes). • Asexual reproduction in spongestakes place by means ofexternal buds. • Buds break off, drift andbegin to grow on asuitable substrate. ExternalBuds

  4. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION… takesplace when sponges release sperm into the water. Currents disperse the sperm to neighboring sponges. Fertilization occurs internally in the tissues of the sponge where larval development occurs. • Sponge larvae are more animal-like than adult sponges because they are free-swimming organisms with cilia. • The larvae swim and drift until they fix themselves in place on the reef and grow into adult sponges.

  5. SPONGE STRUCTURE…. • Most sponges are tough and fibrous with needlelike spicules throughout their tissue. • Spicules provide structural support and can be made of a glass-like or calcium material. • Some sponges use tough, elastic, protein fibers for support. • Many produce toxic defense chemicals - these chemicals have potential as drugs against human diseases. • Sponge regeneration: • After being torn apart, remaining pieces in contact may grow together. • Isolated pieces can regenerate into entirely new sponges.

  6. Water is moved inward through ostia by special Collar cells. Their flagella beat like tiny oars or propellers moving water. • Water exits via the OSCULUM. (think out the osculum). • Along the way, plankton and other materials are trapped and digested inside the vacuoles of individual cells.

  7. How does a sponge respire? • (RE SPIR ATION) (respiration) (exchange gasses)good gases in bad ones out.. Since the cells are in direct contact with the water, simple diffusion is enough. • How do they Respond? Not much in this category... (remember no nervous system) It does have muscle like cells called myocytes to close the ostia.

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