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Chapter 1: Basic Concepts

Chapter 1: Basic Concepts. The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography Key Issue 1: How Do Geographers Describe Where Things Are?. Defining Geography. Word coined by Eratosthenes Geo = Earth Graphia = writing Geography thus means “earth writing”.

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Chapter 1: Basic Concepts

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  1. Chapter 1: Basic Concepts The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography Key Issue 1: How Do Geographers Describe Where Things Are?

  2. Defining Geography • Word coined by Eratosthenes • Geo = Earth • Graphia = writing • Geography thus means “earth writing”

  3. Contemporary Geography • Geographers ask where and why • Location and distribution are important terms • Geographers are concerned with the tension between globalization and local diversity • A division: physical geography and human geography

  4. Geography’s Vocabulary Place Region Scale Space Connections

  5. Maps • Two purposes • As reference tools • To find locations, to find one’s way • As communications tools • To show the distribution of human and physical features

  6. Early Map Making Figure 1-2

  7. Maps: Scale • Types of map scale • Ratio or fraction • Written • Graphic • Projection • Distortion • Shape • Distance • Relative size • Direction

  8. Figure 1-4

  9. U.S. Land Ordinance of 1785 • Township and range system • Township = 6 sq. miles on each side • North–south lines = principal meridians • East–west lines = base lines • Range • Sections

  10. Township and Range System Figure 1-5

  11. Contemporary Tools Figure 1-7 • Geographic Information Science (GIScience) • Global Positioning Systems (GPS) • Remote sensing • Geographic information systems (GIS)

  12. A Mash-up Figure 1-8

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