Elements of Theater/Drama

1. Elements of Theater/Drama CHS English I March 25, 2013 Pick up a DRAMA PACKET here. It includes your Bell-Ringer sheet.

2. Elements of Theater/Drama • This worksheet will be included in the packet of materials you will submit to me when we complete the unit. • I will also provide you with a checklist to maintain on your own as we move through the unit. • DO NOT lose these papers! • The final project for this unit will be a written analysis of the play, Our Town. • The elements of theater/drama will be included on your FINAL EXAM.

3. Elements of Theater/Drama • Plays were one of the earliest forms of entertainment. • For centuries, attending the theater to see a comedy or tragedy was considered a privilege and custom. • People attended plays much like we see movies today.

4. Aristotle’s SIX Elements of Drama • Diction: Specific words the playwright chooses to use. • Spectacle: All the visuals represented in the play. Represents everything you see: set, costumes, lights, etc. • Thought: What the audience learns - the moral of the play. (THEME) • Characters: The play must be about someone or something - can be human or non-human. • Melody: Everything you hear - music, sound effects, silence are all examples of this. • Plot: Show must have a beginning, middle and end. Something needs to happen and a character must be challenged.

5. Literary Elements of Theater/Drama • Character: a person portrayed in a drama, novel, or other artistic piece. • Conflict: the internal or external struggle between opposing forces, ideas, or interests that creates dramatic tension. • Suspense: a feeling of uncertainty as to the outcome, used to build interest and excitement on the part of the audience. • Theme: the basic idea of a play; the idea, point of view, or perception that binds together a work of art.

6. Technical Elements of Theater/Drama • Act: a major division in a play • Scene: a real or fictional episode; a division of an act in a play. • Lighting: the arrangement of lights to achieve particular effects in order to help create mood or tone in a play. • Sound: the effects an audience hears during a performance to communicate character, context, or environment. • Set Design: everything on the stage including furniture and props, and environment in which the action of a play occurs. • Costumes: the clothing worn by the actors who play the characters. Oftentimes, these help to establish characterizations, mood, and tone.

7. Stage Scenery

8. Scenery/Props

9. Lighting

10. Costumes/Make-Up

11. Technical Elements of Theater/Drama: Performance • Acting: use of face, body, and voice to portray character. • Monologue: a long speech made by one actor; may be delivered alone or in the presence of others. • CharacterMotivation: the reason or reasons for a character's behavior; an incentive or inducement for further action for a character. • Empathy: the ability to relate to the feelings of another.

12. Technical Elements of Theater/Drama: Performance • Breath Control: proper use of the lungs and diaphragm muscle for maximum capacity and efficiency of breath for speaking. • Inflection: change in pitch or loudness of the voice. • Projection: how well the voice carries to the audience. • Facial Expression: physical and vocal aspects used by an actors face to convey mood, feeling, or personality.

13. Types of Performance Stages: • Proscenium Stage: A performance space in which the audience sits in front of the stage and views as if through a picture frame

14. Types of Performance Stages: • Thrust Stage: a theater stage that extends out into the audience's part of a theater and has seats on three sides.

15. Types of Performance Stages: • Arena Stage :a stage constructed so that the audience can sit on all sides; also known as "theatre-in-the-round".

16. Technical Elements of Theater/Drama: Stage Directions • Apron: the front area of the stage extending past the main act curtain. • Wings: the offstage areas directly to the right and left of the performance space. • Center Stage: the middle point of the performance space. • Upstage: the area of the performance space that is farthest away from the audience. • Downstage: the area of the stage that is nearest to the audience. • Cue: a signal or line that prompts the next action of stage business during a performance. • Blocking: the path formed by the actor’s movement on stage, usually determined by the director, playwright, and/or actor.

17. Technical Elements of Theater/Drama: Stage Directions

18. Drama: Bell-Ringers & Exit Slips March 25-28, 2013

19. Bell-Ringer: 3-25-2013 • What element refers to a long, uninterrupted speech by ONE character? • Monologue • Dialogue • Chit-Chat • Which is not a form of dramatic conflict? • Man v man • Man v nature • Man v beast • What is the easiest way we learn about characters in a drama? • Action • Dialogue • Conflict

20. Exit: 3-25-2013 • How many elements of drama made up Aristotle’s model of theater? • Four • Five • Six • A feeling of uncertainty as to the outcome, used to build interest and excitement on the part of the audience. • Conflict • Suspense • Plot • The reason or reasons for a character's behavior; an incentive or inducement for further action for a character. • Motivation • Dialogue • Plot

21. Bell-Ringer: 3-26-2013 • Which of the following IS NOT one of Aristotle's six elements of drama? • Diction • Action • Spectacle • Which type of stage extends out into, and is surrounded on three sides by, the audience? • Proscenium • Thrust • Arena • A signal or line that prompts the next action of stage business during a performance. • Cue • Action • Wings

22. Exit Slip: 3-26-2013 • The ability to relate to the feelings of another. • Empathy • Sympathy • Action • The middle point of the performance space. • Downstage • Upstage • Center Stage • The area of the stage that is nearest to the audience. • Downstage • Upstage • Center Stage

23. Bell-Ringer: 3-27-2013 1. Where is Our Town set? (A) Spoon River, Illinois (B) Grover’s Corners, New Hampshire (C) Amity Harbor, Washington (D) Winesburg, Ohio 2. In what year does the play begin? (A) 1860 (B) 1950 (C) 1913 (D) 1901 3. As the play begins, where has Dr. Gibbs been? (A) Spending the night with his mistress in a motel room (B) Delivering twin babies (C) Visiting a dying woman (D) At a medical convention in Manchester

24. Exit Slip: 3-27-2013 1. What does Mr. Webb do for a living? (A) He is a selectman (B) He is the editor of the local newspaper (C) He is a duck hunter (D) He is a surgeon 2. Where does Mrs. Gibbs want to take a vacation? (A) Florida (B) Rome (C) New York City (D) Paris 3. Which characters does the Stage Manager bring out to tell the audience about the town? (A) Professor Willard and Mr. Webb (B) Professor Willard and Mrs. Gibbs (C) George Gibbs and Mrs. Soames (D) Dr. Gibbs and Constable Warren

25. Bell-Ringer: 3-28-2013 1. Which of the following does not get deposited in the time capsule? (A) A copy of Our Town (B) A copy of the Bible (C) A picture of the Stage Manager (D) An issue of The Sentinel 2. What does George want to do after high school? (A) Study at Harvard (B) Take over his uncle’s farm (C) Become a doctor (D) Become a teacher 3. From what affliction does the choirmaster suffer? (A) Alcoholism (B) Cancer (C) Insomnia (D) Grief over his father’s death

26. Exit Slip: 3-28-2013 1. What is the name of the song the choir sings several times during the play? (A) “Blessed Be the Tie That Binds” (B) “Happy Birthday” (C) “The Hallelujah Chorus” (D) “The Wedding March” 2. What is the weather like at the beginning of Act II? (A) It is snowing (B) It is raining (C) It is sunny (D) It is foggy 3. Who gets married in Act II? (A) George and Rebecca (B) Wally and Rebecca (C) George and Emily (D) Mr. Webb and Mrs. Gibbs

27. Drama: Bell-Ringers & Exit Slips April 8-12, 2013 Pick up a BELL-RINGER sheet here.

28. Bell-Ringer: 4-8-2013 1. Where is Our Town set? (A) Spoon River, Illinois (B) Grover’s Corners, New Hampshire (C) Amity Harbor, Washington (D) Winesburg, Ohio 2. In what year does the play begin? (A) 1860 (B) 1950 (C) 1913 (D) 1901 3. As the play begins, where has Dr. Gibbs been? (A) Spending the night with his mistress in a motel room (B) Delivering twin babies (C) Visiting a dying woman (D) At a medical convention in Manchester

29. Exit Slip: 4-8-2013 1. What sport does George play in high school? (A) Soccer (B) Football (C) Baseball 2. During the flashback in Act II, where does George take Emily after she accuses him of being stuck up? (A) Home to meet his parents (B) To the field to watch him play baseball (C) To get an ice-cream soda 3. Who gets nervous before the wedding? (A) Both George and Emily (B) Only George (C) Only Emily (D) George and Emily’s parents

30. Bell-Ringer: 4-9-2013 • The front area of the stage extending past the main act curtain. • Apron • Wings • Blocking • The offstage areas directly to the right and left of the performance space. • Apron • Wings • Blocking • The path formed by the actor’s movement on stage, usually determined by the director, playwright, and/or actor. • Apron • Wings • Blocking

31. Exit Slip: 4-9-2013 1. Who acts as the minister at the wedding? (A) The Stage Manager (B) Constable Warren (C) The Mayor (D) Dr. Gibbs 2. What is Sam Craig’s relationship to Emily? (A) He is her ex-boyfriend (B) He is her cousin (C) He is an old friend from school (D) He is one of her high school teachers 3. What is the cause of Emily’s death? (A) Old age (B) Cancer (C) A car accident (D) Complications during childbirth

32. Bell-Ringer: 4-10-2013 1. During the flashback in Act II, where does George take Emily after she accuses him of being stuck up? (A) Home to meet his parents (B) To the field to watch him play baseball (C) To get an ice-cream soda (D) To eat dinner at a restaurant 2. What day from her earthly life does Emily decide to revisit? (A) Her wedding day (B) The day of her first child’s birth (C) Her twelfth birthday (D) Her high school graduation 3. What happens when Emily goes back and relives the past? (A) She is unable to bear it and returns to the cemetery (B) She decides to remain there (C) She realizes how boring life is (D) She finds everything has changed

33. Exit Slip: 4-10-2013 1. Who leads Emily back to the cemetery? (A) Mrs. Gibbs (B) The Stage Manager (C) Mr. Webb (D) An angel 2. Who comes and lays prostrate (flat) beside Emily’s grave at the end of the play? (A) Mr. Webb (B) Mrs. Webb (C) The Stage Manager (D) George 3. What is the Stage Manager’s final action? (A) He bows to the audience (B) He winds his watch (C) He waves good-bye to the audience (D) He draws the curtain across the stage

34. Bell-Ringer: 4-11-2013 1. George suggests a way to communicate between Emily’s window and his so that: a. He can send her his goals as class President b. He can help her with her algebra homework c. She can send him the notes that she took at the class meeting d. She can help him with his algebra homework 2. When Dr. Gibbs comments on the fact that Mrs. Gibbs will be losing one of her chicks, he is referring to the fact that: a. George is getting married b. Mrs. Gibbs shouldn’t forgets to feed the chickens c. George is going to Agriculture School d. Wally is going on a camping trip 3. When Act III begins, the Stage Manager says that __________ years have passed. • 7 • 8 c. 9

35. Exit Slip: 4-11-2013 1. According to Aristotle, this element refers to what the audience learns - the moral of the play. (THEME) (A) Diction (B) Spectacle (C) Melody 2. According to Aristotle, this element of drama refers to all the visuals represented in the play. Represents everything you see: set, costumes, lights, etc. (A) Diction (B) Spectacle (C) Melody 3. According to Aristotle, this element refers to everything you hear - music, sound effects, silence are all examples of this. ((A) Diction (B) Spectacle (C) Melody

36. Bell-Ringer: 4-12-2013 1. This technical element refers to the proper use of the lungs and diaphragm muscle for maximum capacity and efficiency of breath for speaking. (A) Inflection (B) Projection (C) Breath control 2. This element refers to an actor’s change in pitch or loudness of the voice. (A) Inflection (B) Projection (C) Breath control 3. This element refers to how well the actor’s voice carries to the audience. (A) Inflection (B) Projection (C) Breath control

37. Exit Slip: 4-12-2013 1. According to Aristotle, the specific words the playwright chooses to use is referred to as what: (A) Diction (B) Characters (C) Thought 2. According to Aristotle, this element of drama refers to the idea that a play must be about someone or something - can be human or non-human. (A) Plot (B) Characters (C) Thought 3. According to Aristotle, this element refers to the idea that a show must have a beginning, middle and end. Something needs to happen and a character must be challenged: . (A) Plot (B) Characters (C) Thought

38. (SS): Exit Slip: 4-8-2013 1. What does Mr. Webb do for a living? (A) He is a selectman (B) He is the editor of the local newspaper (C) He is a duck hunter (D) He is a surgeon 2. Where does Mrs. Gibbs want to take a vacation? (A) Florida (B) Rome (C) New York City (D) Paris 3. Which characters does the Stage Manager bring out to tell the audience about the town? (A) Professor Willard and Mr. Webb (B) Professor Willard and Mrs. Gibbs (C) George Gibbs and Mrs. Soames (D) Dr. Gibbs and Constable Warren

39. (SS): Bell-Ringer: 4-9-2013 • The front area of the stage extending past the main act curtain. • Apron • Wings • Blocking • The offstage areas directly to the right and left of the performance space. • Apron • Wings • Blocking • The path formed by the actor’s movement on stage, usually determined by the director, playwright, and/or actor. • Apron • Wings • Blocking

40. (SS): Exit Slip: 4-9-2013 1. Which of the following does not get deposited in the time capsule? (A) A copy of Our Town (B) A copy of the Bible (C) A picture of the Stage Manager (D) An issue of The Sentinel 2. What does George want to do after high school? (A) Study at Harvard (B) Take over his uncle’s farm (C) Become a doctor (D) Become a teacher 3. From what affliction does the choirmaster suffer? (A) Alcoholism (B) Cancer (C) Insomnia (D) Grief over his father’s death

41. Bell-Ringer: 4-10-2013 • The ability to relate to the feelings of another. • Empathy • Sympathy • Action • The middle point of the performance space. • Downstage • Upstage • Center Stage • The area of the stage that is nearest to the audience. • Downstage • Upstage • Center Stage

42. (SS): Bell-Ringer: 4-10-2013 1. What is the name of the song the choir sings several times during the play? (A) “Blessed Be the Tie That Binds” (B) “Happy Birthday” (C) “The Hallelujah Chorus” (D) “The Wedding March” 2. What is the weather like at the beginning of Act II? (A) It is snowing (B) It is raining (C) It is sunny (D) It is foggy 3. Who gets married in Act II? (A) George and Rebecca (B) Wally and Rebecca (C) George and Emily (D) Mr. Webb and Mrs. Gibbs

43. (SS): Exit Slip: 4-10-2013 1. What sport does George play in high school? (A) Soccer (B) Football (C) Baseball 2. During the flashback in Act II, where does George take Emily after she accuses him of being stuck up? (A) Home to meet his parents (B) To the field to watch him play baseball (C) To get an ice-cream soda 3. Who gets nervous before the wedding? (A) Both George and Emily (B) Only George (C) Only Emily (D) George and Emily’s parents

44. (SS): Bell-Ringer: 4-11-2013 1. According to Aristotle, the specific words the playwright chooses to use is referred to as what: (A) Diction (B) Spectacle (C) Melody 2. According to Aristotle, this element of drama refers to all the visuals represented in the play. Represents everything you see: set, costumes, lights, etc. (A) Diction (B) Spectacle (C) Melody 3. According to Aristotle, this element refers to everything you hear - music, sound effects, silence are all examples of this. ((A) Diction (B) Spectacle (C) Melody

45. (SS): Exit Slip: 4-11-2013 1. Who acts as the minister at the wedding? (A) The Stage Manager (B) Constable Warren (C) The Mayor (D) Dr. Gibbs 2. What is Sam Craig’s relationship to Emily? (A) He is her ex-boyfriend (B) He is her cousin (C) He is an old friend from school (D) He is one of her high school teachers 3. What is the cause of Emily’s death? (A) Old age (B) Cancer (C) A car accident (D) Complications during childbirth

46. (SS): Bell-Ringer: 4-12-2013 1. During the flashback in Act II, where does George take Emily after she accuses him of being stuck up? (A) Home to meet his parents (B) To the field to watch him play baseball (C) To get an ice-cream soda (D) To eat dinner at a restaurant 2. What day from her earthly life does Emily decide to revisit? (A) Her wedding day (B) The day of her first child’s birth (C) Her twelfth birthday (D) Her high school graduation 3. What happens when Emily goes back and relives the past? (A) She is unable to bear it and returns to the cemetery (B) She decides to remain there (C) She realizes how boring life is (D) She finds everything has changed

47. (SS): Exit Slip: 4-12-2013 1. Who leads Emily back to the cemetery? (A) Mrs. Gibbs (B) The Stage Manager (C) Mr. Webb (D) An angel 2. Who comes and lays prostrate (flat) beside Emily’s grave at the end of the play? (A) Mr. Webb (B) Mrs. Webb (C) The Stage Manager (D) George 3. What is the Stage Manager’s final action? (A) He bows to the audience (B) He winds his watch (C) He waves good-bye to the audience (D) He draws the curtain across the stage

48. Our TownFacts • Written by: Thornton Wilder, from 1934-38. • First Performed: January 22, 1938, Princeton, NJ • PBS Masterpiece Theater Performance: • Performed: 2002 • Aired: October 5, 2003 • Director: James Naughton • Venue: The Booth Theatre (NYC) • Theater Group: The Westport Country Playhouse

49. 3rd Period: Bell-Ringer: 4-18 • You are the ONLY class who gets to watch this video, if you would like to remain as such, I suggest you sit, be quiet, watch, and do the work assigned to you. All will be well in this world if you do. • If you haven’t submitted your final draft, guess what…

50. 4th & 6th: Bell-Ringer: 4-18 • BEGIN YOUR WORK IMMEDIATELY. • In the Literature textbook: • Read Silently: The Importance of Being Earnest, p. 898. • Answer: 1-5 (all parts), p. 905 • ReadSilently: The Inspector General, p. 884. • Answer: 2-4 (all parts), p. 888. • Turn into your tray when you have completed your work. • The only thing I wish to hear is the sound of silence. • Tomorrow is Reading Workshop: bring something to read. No one leaves.