Chapter 2:

1. Chapter 2: Analyze Word Structure

2. The Skill: Analyze Word Structure • Word structure analysis means using the structure (parts)of a word to figure out the word’s meaning. • The three types of word parts are prefixes, roots, and suffixes. • Like puzzle pieces, you can fit them together to get the overall “picture” (meaning). Chapter 2: Analyze Word Structure

3. Prefixes • Prefixes are word parts that are added to the beginning of a base (root) word. • They add their meaning to the meaning of the base word. Example: prefixpre- (before) + fix (attach) = a word part that is attached before the root word • Prefixes can mean not, can indicate location or spatial relationships, number or amount, or have other meanings. Chapter 2: Analyze Word Structure

4. Roots • Roots are base words to which other word parts (prefixes and suffixes) are added. • Each root has a specific meaning meaning. Examples: aud = to hear audible (can be heard) auditory (pertaining to hearing) • Knowing common roots can be the key to understanding entire “families” of related words. These groups of related words are called cognates. • Common roots: bio,mis, dict, and spect. Chapter 2: Analyze Word Structure

5. Suffixes • Suffixes are word parts that are added at the end of a base word. • Some suffixes have a specific meaning; others change the root word’s part of speech. Examples: joyful = full of joy calmness (noun), calmer (adjective), calmly (adverb) • Common suffixes: -y, -ness, -ion, -er, -al, -able, and -ly. • Suffixes are not as helpful as other word parts. Chapter 2: Analyze Word Structure

6. Memory Peg Prefixes come first, like the dinosaur’s head. The root is like the body. Suffixes, like the tail, come at the end. prefix suffix root Chapter 2: Analyze Word Structure

7. The Technique Use prefixes, roots, and suffixes to unlock word meanings. Question to ask yourself: “What clues do the parts of this word give me about the meaning of the word?” Chapter 2: Analyze Word Structure

8. A word can consist of • a root only (scribe) • a prefix and a root (prescribe) • a prefix + root + suffix (prescription) • a root and a suffix (scripted) Scribe, script = to write Chapter 2: Analyze Word Structure

9. The Edge: Pointers • Use word structure clues to confirm guesses based on context clues. • Read the etymology at the end of a dictionary definition: It tells the word parts. • Word structure analysis is especially helpful for scientific and technical words; it doesn’t work for every word, though. • Prefixes and suffixes are usually separate syllables. Chapter 2: Analyze Word Structure