EAB What Can We Do About it? Preparedness & Management

1. EAB What Can We Do About it?Preparedness & Management

2. Outline • EAB in North America • EAB in Michigan • What can we do about EAB? • Large scale vs small scale • Prevent Spread • Find it Early • Slow it Down

3. EAB in North America

4. EAB in North America 2010

5. EAB in Michigan

6. EAB in Michigan St Paul Infestation Discovered This is a hypothetical example of how EAB population size and tree mortality change over time. Typical Detection Window From McCullough, et al (http://ncra.wisc.edu/ESCOP2008meeting/Deb2008.pdf)

7. EAB Population Change / Tree Mortality

8. Hypothetical example EAB Population Tree Mortality Years Since Introduction

9. Hypothetical example EAB Population Applying Management Hypothetical example Tree Mortality

10. What Can We Do About EAB? Prevent spread Find it early Slow it down Tony Kimoto, CFIA

11. Difference of Scale Regional Landscape Yard Large Scale Small Scale

12. What Can We Do About EAB?Prevent Spread

13. Large Scale- Quarantines • Applies to: • Ash in any form • Hardwood firewood • Rules: • Can’t leave quarantine without formal approval • Can pass through quarantine with some caveats • Can enter quarantine • Contact MN Department of Agriculture • For more information: • Arrest.The.Pest@state.mn.us • 651-201-6684 (metro) or 888-545-6684

14. Quarantined Counties in MN

15. Large Scale - Firewood Usage Use Local or Treated Firewood

16. Small Scale – BMPS’s • Reduce risk of short-distance spread within quarantine • Avoid removals / pruning of ash May through August • If unavoidable, process quickly close to source

17. Small Scale – BMPS’s

18. What Can We Do About EAB?Find it Early

19. Large Scale - Detection

20. Large Scale - Detection • Arrest the Pest • First Detector Network

21. What If You Believe You Have Found EAB? Go to: http://www.mda.state.mn.us/eab or Arrest.The.Pest@state.mn.us or Call the ‘Arrest the Pest’ hotline - 651-201-6684 - Metro Area - 1-888-545-6684 - Greater Minnesota

22. What Can We Do About EAB?Slow it Down

23. Large Scale – Slowing EAB Down • Remove beetle producing trees • Draw beetles to sink (sacrificial) trees and remove • Insecticide treatments for selected trees • Preemptive removal of undesirable trees

24. Large Scale – Slowing EAB Down • Remove beetle producing trees • Draw beetles to sink (sacrificial) trees and remove • Insecticide treatments for selected trees • Preemptive removal of undesirable trees

25. Remove Beetle Producing Trees • Select Study Sites • Identify EAB Infested Trees • Measure EAB Development, Success and Density • Measure Impact of Removing Infested Trees

26. Select Study Sites Tower Hill Area Hampden Park Area

27. Select Study Sites Hampden Park Area Tower Hill Area

28. Remove Beetle Producing Trees • Select Study Sites • Identify EAB Infested Trees • Measure EAB Development, Success and Density • Measure Impact of Removing Infested Trees

29. Identify EAB Infested Trees

30. Identify EAB Infested Trees

31. Identify EAB Infested Trees

32. Identifying EAB Infested Trees • Woodpecking identified trees that were about to produce beetles in 2010 at Hampden Park Area but not Tower Hill Area (difference between structure of sites?)

33. Remove Beetle Producing Trees • Select Study Sites • Identify EAB Infested Trees • Measure EAB Development, Success and Density • Measure Impact of Removing Infested Trees

34. Measure EAB Development 2009 2010 2011

35. Measure EAB Development • Woodpecking will only indicate trees where large larvae are or have been (trees with small larvae will not be woodpecked). • Remember that woodpecking can vary by site

36. Measure EAB Success

37. EAB Success • In our study sites, • Woodpecker mortality was high (~40%) for large larvae (2010 beetles) • Winter mortality was high (~20%) for small larvae (2011 beetles)

38. Measuring EAB Density

39. EAB Density • Despite relatively high natural mortality 50%+, EAB populations were poised to increase • 5x in Hampden Park Area • 10x in Tower Hill Area

40. Remove Beetle Producing Trees • Select Study Sites • Identify EAB Infested Trees • Measure EAB Development, Success and Density • Measure Impact of Removing Infested Trees

41. Impact of Removing Infested Trees • 2011 beetles were not greatly impacted by 2010 removals (i.e., trees with 2011 beetles were undetectable) • 2010 beetles were greatly impacted by 2010 removals in Hampden Park Area, but not Tower Hill Area • Difference between sites due to ability to identify trees via woodpecking

42. Small Scale – Slowing EAB Down What About Your Tree?

43. Considerations for Treating EAB Is ash within 10 -15 miles of a known infestation? Small Scale – What About Your Tree?

44. Considerations for Treating EAB What is the state of health of the ash? Small Scale – What About Your Tree?

45. Small Scale – What About Your Tree? Health of Ash • If it is healthy (has lost less than 40% – 50% of its canopy) possible candidate for protecting • If ash has > 40% - 50% loss in canopy, not worth saving - tree maintenance is too high, especially if steadily declining - treatment less effective as girdling from borers increases

46. Small Scale – What About Your Tree? Percent Dieback

47. Small Scale – What About Your Tree? • How important is ash - valued shade trees? - aesthetics for landscape? - in important location? - specimen tree? - sentimental value?

48. What are costs of treating ash? Need to treat regularly (every 1-2 years) Is long-term commitment for life of tree Small Scale – What About Your Tree?

49. Small Scale – What About Your Tree? Costs of Insecticides • Cost of insecticide depends on: - size of tree (gets more expensive as tree grows) - number of trees - type of insecticide used

50. Small Scale – What About Your Tree? Costs of Removing • Costs increase with size of tree • Is one time expense • Ash are more difficult to remove once they have died Dave Hanson