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HIV/AIDS Basics

HIV/AIDS Basics. Erica Andrist & Peter Zook SOL Training Fall 2008. Why us?. The Basics. HIV: Virus which causes AIDS AIDS: clinical diagnosis HIV+ status AND CD4+ count <200/ μ L OR “Opportunistic infection” What does HIV do? Kills CD4+ T cells.

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HIV/AIDS Basics

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  1. HIV/AIDS Basics Erica Andrist & Peter Zook SOL Training Fall 2008

  2. Why us?

  3. The Basics • HIV: Virus which causes AIDS • AIDS: clinical diagnosis • HIV+ status AND • CD4+ count <200/μL OR • “Opportunistic infection” • What does HIV do? • Kills CD4+ T cells. • CD4+ T cells: directors of immune response

  4. Transmission, Prevention, & Testing • Transmission: Specific fluids • Prevention: Not coming into contact with said fluids. • Testing: ELISA • Blue Bus • Rapid & Conventional (both blood) • Anonymous & confidential • AIDS Network • Ora-Sure & blood • Anonymous & confidential • Planned Parenthood • Rapid (blood)

  5. “We hope to have…a vaccine ready for testing in approximately two years.”Margaret HecklerSecretary of Health and Human Services1984

  6. Vaccine • Still hot research area • Traditional methods don’t work • Weakened virus/bacterium • Immune system defeats • Huge viral mutation rate

  7. Treatment • HAART: Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy • “Cocktails” • 30 meds in U.S. • Different “classes” • Barriers to treatment • Cost • Adherence • Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) • UHS, UW Hospital

  8. Global Statistics & Trends • 30.6-36.1 million HIV+ • >90% adults • >60% in sub-Saharan Africa • 1.75-4 million new infections • 50% women • 50% <age 25 • 1.9-2.4 million AIDS deaths • Nearly 70% in sub-Saharan Africa

  9. Global Trends • With few exceptions, HIV prevalence increasing • BUT: increasing at slower rate • Condom use increasing • MTCT decreasing • ARV distribution uneven • Generally increasing

  10. Global Snapshots • Brazil • HIV infections stable • Government-based “success story” • Russia • Drug use • Related stigmas • India • 2001 • Huge stigma/discrimination problems

  11. U.S. Statistics & Trends • 1.2 million • 56,000 new infections in 2006 • 49% • Trends depend largely on population being considered • Validity of these numbers?

  12. U.S. Stats and Trends, Continued • Race and ethnicity are NOT, by themselves, risk factors for HIV infection. • Compounding factors • Poverty/Access to health care • Education • Culture • 7.

  13. Wisconsin Facts, Statistics, & Trends • 407 new cases in 2007 • Relatively constant • Madison: 0.0052% • Milwaukee: 0.0075% • Seventh lowest case rate in the nation • Transmission • 69% MSM • IDU/Hetero sex roughly equal • Counties and areas that AIDS Network serves

  14. Where is the treatment for the way we think? • Ban on visitors with HIV • 11 countries • Hugs • Fear and Loss • Jobs, housing, partners • Children • Kicked out of schools, pools, not allowed over to friend’s houses

  15. “Many people suffering from AIDS are not killed by the disease itself. They are killed by the stigma and discrimination surrounding everybody who has HIV and AIDS.” - Nelson Mandela According to research, diseases associated with the highest degree of stigma share the following common attributes: • The person with the disease is seen as responsible for having the illness • Modes of transmission that are considered immoral or unsavory • The disease is progressive and incurable • The disease is not well- understood among the public • The symptoms cannot be concealed.

  16. Other Resources Blue Bus Clinic • Briarpatch • OUTreach • AIDS Resource Center of Wisconsin

  17. AIDS Resource Center of Wisconsin. Retrieved 27 July 2008 from http://www.arcw.org/. Centers for Disease Control. (2008). HIV/AIDS. Retrieved 27 July 2008 from <http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/>. HIV Treatment. (2008). Retrieved 19 July 2008 from <http://www.thebody .com/content/art40477.html>. Kanabus, A., & Fredriksson-Bass, F. HIV and AIDS in Africa. Retrieved 16 July 2008 from <http://www.avert.org/aafrica.htm>. Kirby, M. (2008). HIV/AIDS in Russia and Eastern Europe. Retrieved 29 August 2008 from http://www.avert.org/ecstatee.htm Newman, M. (2006). Images of the social and economic world. Retrieved 16 July 2008 from <http://www-personal. umich.edu/~mejn/cartograms/>. Pembrey, G. (2008). HIV and AIDS in Brazil. Retrieved 19 July from <http://www.avert.org/aidsbrazil.htm>. Pembrey, G. (2008). HIV and AIDS in India. Retrieved 19 July from <http://www.avert.org/aidsindia.htm>. Schwirtz, M. (22 July 2008). Russia scorns methadone for heroin addiction. New York Times. Retreived from the web at http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/ 22/health/22meth.html StampOutStigma. Retrieved 27 July 2008 from http://www.stampoutstigma .ie/news/events.html. Wisconsin Department of Health. Profile of HIV infection in Wisconsin. Retrieved 24 August 2008 from <http://dhs.wisconsin.gov/aids- hiv/Stats/Brief%20epi%20Profile2008.p df>. Zaccagnini, M. (2008). HIV and AIDS in China. Retrieved 19 July 2008 from <http://www.avert.org/aidschina.htm>. Bibliography

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