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Welfare Development in Singapore

Welfare Development in Singapore. History of Singapore. Colonial Period. Self-governing, Merge ? Split with Malaya. Independence (1965). The Context. From colonial: free-market & administrative system Ideological: Confucianism (Orientalism) PAP’s leftism

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Welfare Development in Singapore

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  1. Welfare Development in Singapore

  2. History of Singapore Colonial Period Self-governing, Merge ? Split with Malaya Independence (1965)

  3. The Context • From colonial: free-market & administrative system • Ideological: Confucianism (Orientalism) PAP’s leftism • Societal: Multi-racial & potential tension • Political: conflict with Malaysia & Indonesia

  4. A multi-cultural society

  5. Nation Building Project A Long-term strategy to build the nation and to react to its fundamental nature. Our community lacks in-built reflexes… our society and its education system was never designed to produce a people capable of cohesive action, identifying their collective interests and then acting in furtherance of them …. The reflexes of group thinking must be built to ensure the survival of the community, not the individual …. Lee Kuan-yew, 1966

  6. In a similar manner…. We are a complex, multi-racial community with little sense of common history, with a group purpose which is yet to be properly articulated. We are in the process of rapid transition towards a destiny which we do not yet know…. Goh Keng Swee Finance Minister Minister of Interior and Defence 1967,

  7. Emphasis of the Project • Economic: free market-based capitalism • Political: central planning, authoritarianism • Ideology: national unity and collectivism Welfare policy serving all three emphasis

  8. Characteristics of Welfare Structure • High level of service provision regulated by state • Central planning • Private Insurance Model (you get what you contribute…..) • Pro-family ideologies • Promote national unity, social stability, sense of belonging Liberal Welfare State

  9. Central Provident Fund • Contributory Scheme by Employer & Employees • From 1955 • Funded for retirement initially, but gradually extended to housing, medical,investment etc. • Accounts: Ordinary, Special, Medisave (MediShield) • Guarantee Interest Rate

  10. Housing Development Board • Private ownership of public provided housing • Dominant control of housing supply • Established in 1960 • Home ownership from 1964 • Down payment & mortgage paid by CPF saving

  11. Social Welfare Services • Personal pathology approach • Pro-family approach • Minimal Public Assistance Scheme • Small Family Improvement Improvement Scheme • Community Development

  12. Achievements • High home ownership rates • High standard of services without too much state investment • Personal contributory retirement payment • Social stability • Created national solidarity

  13. Current problems • the loopholes in CPF • potential risks of home ownership • weakening family ties • political discontent • potential social conflicts (ethnic, class)

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