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The New Deal Chapter 15

The New Deal Chapter 15. “Too Far or Not Far Enough?”. Fighting for a New Deal Chapter 15 Section 1. FDR worked for Depression relief in NY Direct aid to poor FDR promised the country “A New Deal” “contest between two philosophies of government” – Hoover 10/32

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The New Deal Chapter 15

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  1. The New DealChapter 15 “Too Far or Not Far Enough?”

  2. Fighting for a New DealChapter 15 Section 1 • FDR worked for Depression relief in NY • Direct aid to poor • FDR promised the country “A New Deal” • “contest between two philosophies of government” – Hoover 10/32 • FDR’s inauguration not until Mar.1933 • FDR selected “Brain Trust” & created the New Deal: RELIEF,RECOVERY,REFORM

  3. FDR’s New Deal

  4. FDR won by over 7 million votes – many just voting against Hoover • “The only thing we have to fear is ….

  5. Restoring the nation’s hope • Second Bonus March • FDR and his Fireside Chats • Reassured the nation • Willingness to experiment • Eleanor traveled USA

  6. The first Hundred Days: building confidence Emergency Banking Act (3/33) – banks closed to allow governmental inspections=Bank Holiday Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 (banks=cautious) FDIC* - Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ($5,000) Federal Securities Act (5/33) – required companies to disclose information about stock Securities and Exchange Commission – SEC* Regulate Stock Market and buying on margin

  7. Saving homes and farms Home Owner’s Loan Corporation – One million low-interest loans Agricultural Adjustment Administration – AAA* Subsidies resulted in plowing under some crops to raise prices TVA (TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY) – Five dams were renovated & 20 new ones constructed. Provided flood control, hydroelectric power,etc. Rural Assistance

  8. Tennessee Valley Authority – TVA* (jobs, flood control, power, and recreation) See Page 520

  9. Work projects (cont…) • NIRA – National Industrial Recovery Act established: • National Recovery Administration (NRA*) • Regulated wages, working conditions, production and prices (labor unions the right to organize and bargain collectively) • Public Works Administration (PWA*) • Grand Coulee Dam • Connecting Key West

  10. Relief: Federal Emergency Relief Administration –FERA • Home Owners Loan Corp. • Federal Housing Admin. (FHA) continues today • Civil Works Administration – CWA • Jobs to improve roads, parks and other public facilities

  11. Civilian Conservation Corps – CCC* • 2.5 million young, unmarried men to work • Environmental improvements • $1 a day

  12. Yosemite Plaque (above)

  13. New Deal comes under Attack • No significant economic improvement at first. Critics started to surface • FDR’s reluctant Deficit Spending • NIRA and AAA declared unconstitutional by Supreme Court in 1935 • The NRA unconstitutionally gave president lawmaking powers

  14. Conservative response: “American Liberty League” fought New Deal programs in the Courts (too socialist) • Republicans believed the New Deal went too far • Taxes on the wealthy and businesses increased dislike of FDR – deficit spending • The “Left” attacks: Progressives & Socialists against New Deal programs- not fast enough

  15. Father Charles E. Coughlin • “Radio Priest”/1st supported • Later denounced FDR • Anti-Semitic, Pro-Nazi Dr. F. Townsend – pensions • Sen. Huey Long of Louisiana • Governor of Louisiana • Redistribution of Wealth • Partly why FDR taxed wealthy • Shot in 1935

  16. FDR’s Court Packing plan • Court-packing attempts • 1937 court reform proposal by FDR • Increase number of Justices “to lighten their burden” • With those who would agree with FDR’s policies • Caused political damage to FDR and he withdrew the proposal • By 1939 the court did favor New Deal after retired justices replaced

  17. The Second New DealChapter 15 Section 2 • Second Hundred Days in 1935 • Eleanor Roosevelt –played key role reminding FDR of needs of farmers & workers • Second Agricultural Adjustment Act had many of the features of the one struck down by the courts • Needed help to farmers and to save soil erosion • Campaign for 1936 – Republicans nominated Gov. Alf Landon (1st time Af.Am.voted Dem./ 1st time labor unions endorsed a pres. – FDR)

  18. Works Progress Administration – WPA* • 8 million jobs – lasted 8 years • Skilled and unskilled workers • Artists and journalists Diego Rivera

  19. Improving labor &other reforms National Youth Admin. (NYA) educ.,jobs,counseling & recreation National Labor Relations Act – Wagner Act* • Replaced NIRA to protect worker’s rights to collective bargaining • NLRB to enforce provisions

  20. Social Security Act in 1935 • Old-age and survivors’ benefits • Age 65 • Farm and domestic workers not covered (1954) • Unemployment insurance • 8 or more employees • Aid for dependent children • Grants supporting state programs

  21. Public Utilities • Rural Electrification – 1935 only 12.6 % of farms • Rural Electrification Admin.(REA) financed & worked w/cooperatives to bring elect. • By 1945= 48% ---1949=90% had elect. • Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935- aimed at financial corruption (holding companies) • Lobbyists made it difficult to enforce

  22. Fair Labor Standards Act only covered 1\4 of workers Minimum wage at 25 cents an hour Most New Deal agencies less helpful to women and minorities Even so they supported FDR New Deal Affects Many People

  23. New Deal/New Opportunities • Women- Frances Perkins 1st Sec. of Labor had major role in creating Social Security system • Eleanor encouraged him to appoint 2 female diplomats & a female federal judge • Percentage of married women working went from 11.7% in 1930 to 15.6% in 1940

  24. African-Americans Activism • A. Philip Randolph – organized 1st all black trade union – Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters • Mary McLeod Bethune- educator who headed the Division of Negro Affairs of NYA , also headed the “Black Cabinet” • Eleanor Roosevelt played key role- flew with Tuskegee Airmen, arranged for Marian Anderson to sing at Lincoln Mem. • FDR did not want to lose Dem. Voters in south, did not approve fed. Anti-lynching law, poll tax.

  25. End of the New Deal • F.D.R. re-elected in 1936 • Most Americans were still happy with Roosevelt • Mexican Americans- some benefits, but in CA deportations • Native Americans some benefit/ Indian Reorganization Act of 1934- tribal land, tribal gov., cultural control • Rising national debt/ labor disputes • Hard times continued into the 40’s

  26. Mass Media and Culture of the 30’sChapter 15 Section 4 • Creation of mass media creates national identity and culture • Radio, Movies and Records • Escape from daily grind

  27. Lindbergh baby kidnapped (1932) • Hindenburg (1937)

  28. Orson Wells “The War of the Worlds” (1938 - broadcast)

  29. Sports Joe DiMaggio Joe Louis takes the title Jesse Owens - 1936 Olympics

  30. Frankenstein – 1931 • King Kong - 1933

  31. Laurel and Hardy Marx Bros. W.C. Fields and baby Leroy

  32. The Best Year for Movies - 1939

  33. Cab Calloway Benny Goodman Jimmy and Tommy Dorsey

  34. Minnie Pearl Jimmy Rodger

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