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SOCIAL INTEGRATION AND MENTAL HEALTH

SOCIAL INTEGRATION AND MENTAL HEALTH. SOCIAL INTEGRATION. DEGREE OF CONNECTEDNESS BETWEEN PEOPLE IN A GROUP (DURKHEIM) JOHN BOWLBY - ATTACHMENT THEORY PRIMATES AND IMPORTANCE OF ATTACHMENTS (HARLOW). MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE. I. TRADITIONAL VIEW. MARRIAGE IS GOOD FOR MENTAL HEALTH (DURKHEIM)

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SOCIAL INTEGRATION AND MENTAL HEALTH

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  1. SOCIAL INTEGRATION AND MENTAL HEALTH

  2. SOCIAL INTEGRATION • DEGREE OF CONNECTEDNESS BETWEEN PEOPLE IN A GROUP (DURKHEIM) • JOHN BOWLBY - ATTACHMENT THEORY • PRIMATES AND IMPORTANCE OF ATTACHMENTS (HARLOW)

  3. MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE

  4. I. TRADITIONAL VIEW • MARRIAGE IS GOOD FOR MENTAL HEALTH (DURKHEIM) • INTERPERSONAL - SOCIAL SUPPORT, EMOTIONAL SECURITY, INTIMACY • SOCIAL INTEGRATION - TIES TO COMMUNITY

  5. BENEFITS OF MARRIAGE • ECONOMIC WELL-BEING - MARRIED EARN MORE (WOMEN + $12,000; MEN + $7,000) • CONSTRAINS BEHAVIOR - MARRIED FEWER RISKIER BEHAVIORS, MORE HEALTH PROMOTIVE BEHAVIORS

  6. II. BENEFITS OF MARRIAGE DATED? • CHANGES IN SOCIAL NORMS • RISING AGE OF MARRIAGE; MORE PEOPLE LIVING ALONE; STAYING SINGLE AND GETTING DIVORCED NOT STIGMATIZED • RISE OF COHABITATION (10x SINCE 1970)

  7. BENEFITS DATED? • MORE CHILDREN OUT-OF-WEDLOCK - 34% IN U.S.(VS. 5% IN 1960); 50% IN SCANDANAVIA • HUGE GROWTH OF DIVORCE IN 1960s-1970s, STABLE SINCE THEN • MARRIAGE WEAKENING?

  8. III. FEMINIST VIEW • ADVANTAGES ONLY FOR MEN • MARRIAGE SOURCE OF OPPRESSION FOR WOMEN • UNEQUAL DIVISION OF LABOR/ROLE OVERLOAD • SPOUSAL VIOLENCE

  9. EVIDENCE

  10. MARRIAGE AND DISTRESS • MARRIAGE GOOD • BOTH MEN AND WOMEN BENEFIT • MEN BENEFIT MORE

  11. RUTGERS HHDP STUDY • LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF 1300 REPRESENTATIVE NEW JERSEY ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS • FIVE SURVEYS IN 1980, 1983, 1986, 1993, 1998 • STARTED AT AGES 12, 15, AND 18 • NOW ARE AGES 36 - 42

  12. FINDINGS (RUTGERS STUDY)

  13. FINDINGS • MARRIED BETTER MENTAL HEALTH • LESS DEPRESSION FOR BOTH MARRIED MEN AND WOMEN • MARRIED HAVE FAR FEWER ALC PROBLEMS ESPECIALLY WOMEN • SINGLE WOMEN MOST DEPRESSED • SINGLE MEN MOST ALCOHOL PROB.

  14. CONCLUSIONS • MARRIAGE STILL GOOD FOR MENTAL HEALTH • GOOD FOR BOTH SEXES • CAUSATION NOT SELECTION • MOST SUPPORT FOR TRADITIONAL VIEW

  15. VARIATIONS • IMPACT OF CHILDREN - MIXED • MARITAL QUALITY CRUCIAL

  16. MARITAL DISSOLUTION

  17. MARITAL DISSOLUTION • SEP/DIV HAVE HIGHEST RATE OF ALL MENTAL DISORDERS, SUICIDE, ALCOHOL AND DRUG PROBLEMS, MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT • SEPARATION MORE DISTRESSING THAN DIVORCE • DIVORCE OFTEN STRESS RELIEF

  18. IMPACT OF DISSOLUTION (RUTGERS HHDP)

  19. FINDINGS • DISSOLUTION LEADS TO MORE DEPRESSION AND ALC. PROBLEMS • BOTH WOMEN AND MEN • HARMFUL IMPACT OF DISSOLUTION SAME FOR MEN AND WOMEN • CAUSATION NOT SELECTION

  20. WHY IS DISSOLUTION SO HARMFUL? • CONFLICT AND TURMOIL • SELF-CONCEPTION • SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS/ SUPPORT • ECONOMIC DETERIORATION • CHANGE IN LIVING CONDITIONS • CHILDREN • ALL HAPPENING AT SAME TIME

  21. IMPACT ON CHILDREN • USUALLY THOUGHT TO BE VERY GREAT - RETROSPECTIVE • RUTGERS HHDP STUDY – NO IMPACT

  22. VARIATIONS • PREEXISTING CONTEXT • PRESENCE OF SECONDARY STRESSORS • ECONOMIC STRESS, DOWNWARD MOBILITY, LOSS OF SOCIAL SUPPORT, FAMILY CONFLICT

  23. CONCLUSIONS FOR MARITAL DISSOLUTION • DISSOLUTION VERY BAD FOR MENTAL HEALTH AT LEAST IN SHORT RUN • WORSE THAN STAYING IN BAD MARRIAGE??

  24. CONCLUSIONS • MENTALLY HEALTHY TO GET AND STAY MARRIED FOR BOTH SEXES • MARITAL DISSOLUTION ESPECIALLY BAD FOR BOTH SEXES • IMPLICATIONS BAD - MORE PEOPLE REMAINING UNMARRIED, MARRY LATER, GET DIVORCED

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