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MODULE ONE

MODULE ONE. BASIC HIV/AIDS INFORMATION. OBJECTIVES. At the end of this module, you will be able to: Describe the situation of HIV and AIDS globally and in Zambia Describe the difference between HIV infection and AIDS Mention the two types of HIV viruses

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MODULE ONE

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  1. MODULE ONE BASIC HIV/AIDS INFORMATION

  2. OBJECTIVES At the end of this module, you will be able to: Describe the situation of HIV and AIDS globally and in Zambia Describe the difference between HIV infection and AIDS Mention the two types of HIV viruses Describe the ways in which HIV is transmitted Describe the ways in which HIV is transmitted

  3. Global HIV and AIDS AIDS has been with us for more than 20 years. It is a fast-growing problem worldwide. More than 90% of people living with HIV and AIDS are in developing countries, and 95% of all HIV-related deaths have been in the developing world, largely among young adults

  4. Global HIV and AIDS cont.. Globally, 33.3 million people worldwide are living with HIV and AIDS of which 15.9 million are women (UNAIDS, 2009). 22.5 Million are living in Sub Saharan Africa 2.3 million people with HIV and AIDS are children younger than 15 years old.

  5. Global HIV and AIDS • An estimated 2.6 million people became newly infected with HIV in 2009 of which 2.2 million are adults and 370,000 are children below 15. • In 2009, there were 1.8 million AIDS related deaths, lower than 2.1 million in 2004

  6. HIV in Zambia Population estimated to be about 12.9 million in 2008 (Zambia progress report – UNGASS Report 2010). 1.2 million living with HIV/AIDS, > 50% are women. About 150,000 infections in children. Approximately 80,000 infants born annually are at risk of acquiring HIV from their mothers

  7. HIV in Zambia Zambia's HIV prevalence (adults and children) has reduced from 16% to 14% (DHS 2009). The HIV prevalence among pregnant women tends to be twice as high in urban as in rural areas (25% versus 12%) Antenatal HIV prevalence estimated to be 16.4% in Zambia (ANCSS 2008)

  8. HIV in Zambia In urban areas, infection rates range from 25 to 32 % between the ages of 15 and 44 years In rural areas, infection rates range from 8 to 16 % for people in the same age group

  9. What is HIV? Human: Infecting human beings Immunodeficiency: Decrease or weakness in the body’s ability to fight off infections and illnesses Virus: A germ having the ability to multiply only inside a living cell

  10. Types of HIV Virus HIV 1 Most common in sub-Saharan Africa and throughout the world, as well as in Zambia HIV 2 Most often found in West Central Africa, parts of Europe and India

  11. What is AIDS? Acquired:To come into possession of something new Immune Deficiency: Decrease or weakness in the body’s ability to fight off infections and illnesses Syndrome: A group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular abnormality AIDS is the final stage of the disease caused by infection with a type of virus called HIV.

  12. How is HIV Transmitted? Unprotected sexual contact with an infected partner Exposure of broken skin or wound to infected blood or body fluids Transfusion with HIV-infected blood Injection with contaminated objects Mother to child during pregnancy, birth or breastfeeding

  13. Window Period Time from initial infection with HIV until antibodies are detected by a single test Usually 3-12 weeks before antibodies are detected May test false-negative for HIV antibodies during this time period Can still pass the virus to others during this period

  14. HIV vs. AIDS HIV is the virus that causes AIDS Not everyone who is infected with HIV has AIDS Everyone with AIDS is infected with HIV AIDS is result of the progression of HIV Infection Anyone infected with HIV, although healthy, can still transmit the virus to another person

  15. How HIV weakens the immune system Our blood contains white cells, which normally fight off and kill any germs which enter our bodies. Sometimes we have symptoms of illness when our white cells are fighting the germs, but usually the white cells win and we get better. HIV weakens the immune system by entering and destroying our white cells.

  16. How HIV weakens the immune system cont.. As more and more white cells are killed, the body becomes less and less able to fight off the many different germs which live around and in our bodies all the time. After many years the white cells are so damaged that these germs, which normally do not cause problems, can cause deadly diseases.

  17. How HIV weakens the immune system cont.. The rate at which the disease progresses differ between individuals just as the time from infection to severe destruction of immune system. It may take up to 10-12 years in adults, unless the course of the infection is delayed by taking medication and other issues.

  18. DISEASE PROGRESSION HIV causes immune system damage through the effects of continuing viral multiplication and this leads to AIDS It is impossible to say how long a person will live with HIV before developing AIDS.

  19. Disease progression cont.. Severity of illness is determined by amount of virus in the body and the degree of immune suppression Factors such as nutrition, stress levels and emotional support influence a person’s ability to remain healthy.

  20. Summary What is HIV? What is AIDS? How does HIV relate to AIDS? What are the means by which HIV is transmitted? What is “window period?” How does it affect HIV test results? How can the disease progression of HIV/AIDS be delayed?

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