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The Coming of Independence Chapter 2 Sec 2 “We must all hang together or assuredly we shall all hang separately.” – Ben Franklin. Question of the Day…. 1. What problems could a basketball team with all five star players have? Does individual brilliance without teamwork win championships?.
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The Coming of IndependenceChapter 2 Sec 2“We must all hang together or assuredly we shall all hang separately.” – Ben Franklin
Question of the Day… • 1. What problems could a basketball team with all five star players have? Does individual brilliance without teamwork win championships?
Objectives • Explain how Britain’s colonial policies contributed to the growth of self-government in the colonies • Identify some of the steps that led to growing feelings of colonial unity • Compare the outcomes of the First and Second Continental Congress • Analyze the ideas in the Declaration of Independence • Describe the drafting of the first State constitutions and summarize the constitutions’ common features
British Colonial Policies • Until the mid-1700s, the colonies were allowed a great deal of freedom in their gov’ts by the English monarchy (3,000 mi away). • In 1760, King George III imposed new taxes and laws on the colonists (“no taxation without representation.”. • The colonists started a confederation, proposed an annual congress, and began to rebel. 1 3 4 5 Chapter 2, Section 2
Growing Colonial Unity Early Attempts • In 1643, several New England settlements formed the New England Confederation. • A confederationis a joining of several groups for a common purpose. The Albany Plan • In 1754, Benjamin Franklin proposed the Albany Plan of Union, in which an annual congress of delegates(representatives) from each of the 13 colonies would be formed. The Stamp Act Congress • In 1765, a group of colonies sent delegates to the Stamp Act Congress in New York. • These delegates prepared the Declaration of Rights and Grievances against British policies and sent it to the king.
The Continental Congresses • Second Continental Congress • In 1775, each of the 13 colonies sent representatives to this gathering in Philadelphia. • The Second Continental Congress Served as first government until Articles of Confederation 1781. • First Continental Congress • The colonists sent a Declaration of Rights to King George III. • The delegates urged each of the colonies to boycottall trade with England until British tax and trade regulations were repealed, or recalled.
What Events Led to the Decision to Break with Great Britain? II. Growing Colonial Unity – needed to work together to succeed • Boston Massacre – 1770, British troops fired on a jeering mob and killed 5. • Committee of Correspondence – 1772, network to spread word and exchange information about organized resistance. • Boston Tea Party – 1773, boarded 3 tea ships in Boston harbor and dumped tea into sea to protest British control of tea trade.
American Independence • On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence. ThomasJefferson is credited with most of the writing in the Declaration of Independence. • Between 1776 and 1777, most of the States adopted constitutions.
Declaration of Independence • Delegates agreed that a proclamation of independence had to be created. • Jefferson is credited with the creation of most of the document.
First State Constitutions First State Constitutions • 1776-1777 – most states adopted written constitutions – setting out principles, structures, and processes of their governments. • Common features: • Popular Sovereignty= government can exist only with the consent of the governed (the people hold the power). • Limited Government – government only granted certain powers. • Civil Rights and Liberties – people held certain inalienable rights that could not be taken away by government. • Separation of Powers & Checks and Balances – powers divided among 3 branches (exec., legisl., judic.). each branch given power to check other branch.
