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IPv6

IPv6. First proposed on July 25th 1994 Adopted as a draft standard on August 10th 1998 Developed to overcome problems with IPv4 If Internet growth does not slow down, and IPv4 address shortage will occur

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IPv6

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  1. IPv6 • First proposed on July 25th 1994 • Adopted as a draft standard on August 10th 1998 • Developed to overcome problems with IPv4 • If Internet growth does not slow down, and IPv4 address shortage will occur • IPv4 as implemented requires core Internet routers to maintain routing tables of more than 85,000 entries • No provision for automatic addressing (w/o DHCP) • IPv4 does not provide security (w/o IPsec) • IPv4 needs better support for real time apps (QoS and VoIP)

  2. IPv6 Addresses • To prevent address shortages, IPv6 uses 128 bit addresses • IPv4 32 bit addresses – 232 = 4,294,967,296 addresses • IPv6 128 bit addresses – 2128 = 340,282,366,920,938,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 addresses

  3. IPv6 Routing • IPv6 uses a different hierarchical routing method that will reduce the number of routing table entries required in core Internet Routers • Less routing table entries = faster lookup times = more efficient routing • Optional header fields will be moved to extension headers making the packet header smaller and easier for routers to process

  4. IPv6 Features • IPv6 includes auto-configuration for hosts without the need for third party software • In other words – no DHCP required • IPsec will be standard in IPv6 instead of an optional feature as in IPv4 – all data carried by IPv6 datagrams will be encrypted • IPv6 provided QoS so that datagrams can be prioritized to optimize throughput for real time apps like VoIP

  5. IPv6 Addresses • IPv4 – 32 bits, four 8 bit octets in dotted decimal notation: 143.57.201.34 • IPv6 – 128 bits, eight 16 bit blocks • Each 16 bit block value represented in Hex • Blocks separated by colons (:) • B3E4:C901:BAF5:CD87:5682:AAFF:786E:C908 • Subnet masks represented in CIDR notation – B3E4:C901:BAF5:CD87 / 64

  6. IPv6 Implementation • DNS becomes even more critical, also needs to be updated to handle 128 bit addresses • New types of DNS records will be added • Two ways to implement IPv6 • Dual stack • Tunneling

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