Aircraft Wing Structural Dynamics

1. Aircraft Wing Structural Dynamics UCSD

2. Agenda • What is Research • Project information • Overview • Lab Culture • Theoretical Methods • Experimental Methods • Cost and Budgets • Literature Survey • Our experience with an Aircraft Wing and structural Dynamics applying the research method • Conclusion

3. What is Research? “Research is seeking through methodical processes to add to one’s own body of knowledge and, hopefully, to that of others by the discovery of non trivial facts and insites” -Michelle Lowe of Beginning Research: A guide for foundation degree students

4. Scientific Method State the Problem Research About Topic Think again! Hypothesis Hypothesis is true Report Results! Analyze and draw a conclusion Test with an Experiment Hypothesis is partially true or false

5. Process for Conducting Research • Come up with a topic to be researched • Research a subject you enjoy

6. Develop a Question • Ask the journalistic questions who, what, when, where, why and how. • These questions provide the foundation of why the research is important.

7. Create Answers to your questions • Answers to your previous questions will serve as your thesis statement. • Your thesis will be the driving force behind your research

8. Significance • Thesis statement and answers to previous questions will give the research significance. • It will serve to note if research is original work or if others have already investigated the subject.

9. Goals Set goals or make blueprint to actual experimentation. Setting goals measures 1) Dependent and independent Variables 2) What exactly will be measured 3) What relationships will be examined

10. Project Information • Project Location: University of California, San Diego. • UCSD design lab (Aerospace Engineering). • Principal Investigator: Tom Hung.

11. Project Overview • Project Goal: Measuring the strength of a Balsa Wing Structure subject to a Uniform Distributive Load. • Measured the strength of a Balsa Wing Structure by applying point load, force (sandbags) while having structure secured to a test stand.

12. Project Overview • 4 different wings were made, each one differed by the amount of materials it was made of. • Each wing was put under the same amount of force.

13. Project Overview • To build stiffer wings that can hold more weight. • Information gained: Which built wing is the most effective according to its stiffness to test on a wind tunnel. • This experiment was made in a micro scale and with balsa wood and other light materials. • This also can be applied to real life, with real wings and alternate compound materials. • Industry cares and will benefit from this experiment.

14. Abstract Overview • This research is important because it is a micro scale testing of the strength of a wing structure. • The beneficiaries of the research are:1)Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)2)National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)3)General Public

15. Lab Culture • All laboratory operations contain elements of danger

16. General Laboratory Safety Rules • No food or drinks allow in the laboratory • Smoking is prohibited • No open toe shoes

17. General Laboratory Rules (Cont) • Use appropriate eye protection • Be familiar with the lab • Learn and know what to do in case of an emergency • Unauthorized person(s) shall not be allowed in the lab

18. General Laboratory Rules (Cont) • Laboratories shall remain locked other than office hours • Never open (remove cover) of any equipment in the labs • Report all problems to staff in charge • In case of emergency, Campus security may be called

19. Lab Project • Teamwork • Individual Task • Time management • Results/conclusion

20. Theoretical Methods • Theory: A proposed explanation whose status is still speculative and subject to experimentation. • Theory explains 1) Equations that will be used. 2)The physics behind the issue. 3)If the theory is testable.

21. Theoretical Methods • Beam Theory : Provides a mean of calculating the load-carrying and deflection characteristic of beams • Beam: Horizontal of Vertical structure capable of withstanding load by resisting bending. • Deflection:Degree under which a structural element is displaced under a load(force)

22. Theoretical Methods (Continued) • Beam Theory Equation: d^2y/dx^2 = M(x)/EI • Under this experiment we assume that the wings behave as beams.

23. Theoretical Methods (Continued) • At the Tip Deflection Formula: Y=PL^3/3EL

24. Theoretical Methods (Continued) • Point Load Formula: y=P/6EI (-x^3+3L^2x-2L^3) • A point load is a load which is located to a specific location on a structure.

25. Theoretical Methods • Uniform Distributive Load: y=-w(x^4-4L^3x+3L^3)/24EI • Uniform Distribution: When the load w per unit length has a constant value over part of the beam

26. Experimental Methods • Putting theory into practice • Plan of action for experiment – how will you get that data. • Takes into consideration time and costs.

27. Experiment Materials • Balsa Wood • Glue • Exacto Knife • Test Stand (Beam) • Plastic cover

28. Experimental Methods • Dependable Variables: • Christian • Michelle • Manny • Ivan • Controlled Variable: • Ribs • Wings • Chord Length • Spars • Leading edge • Some air fall

29. Controlled Variable • All have 3in. Ribs • All wings are 2 ft. • Chord Length • 2 Sets of spars • Same air fall

30. How we worked…

31. Our Wings !

32. AT UCSD…

33. Costs and Budgets • This Research Academy was made possible by: NASA California Space Grant Consortium • Experiment Cost: $110.00dlss Staff Salary

34. Literature Survey General Subjects • Airfoils and lifts • Forces and moments • Beams in bending • Cantilever of beams and wings

35. Ground effect on flow past a wing with a NACA0015 cross section Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, Volume 40, July 2012, Pages 18-28 (S.C. Luo, Y.S. Chen)

36. Wing Ground Effect (WIG) • It generally increases lift while decreasing drag

37. Test in a wind tunnel

38. Literature Survey • What is lift? • Wings counter act gravity by creating lift! • Bernoulli’s principle states that as velocity goes up, pressure goes down • Wing design, wing tips!

39. Data Analysis

40. Tip Deflection

41. Collecting Data

42. Conclusion

43. Q AND A

44. Research Opportunities • San Diego State University • Scholarships in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (S-STEM) Program • Web: www.csrc.sdsu.edu/s-stem.html • Contact: Prof. SatchiVenkataraman at satchi@mail.sdsu.edu • Minority Access to Research Careers (MARC) • Web: www.sci.sdsu.edu/casa/marc/index.php • Contact: Thelma Chavez at tchavez@sunstroke.sdsu.edu • Minority Biomedical Research Support (MBRS) • Web: sci.sdsu.edu/imsd/ • Contact: Michelle Lopez at mlopez@mail.sdsu.edu • McNair Scholars Program • Web: www.sci.sdsu.edu/mcnair/index.htm • Contact: mcnair-sdsu@sciences.sdsu.edu • University of California San Diego • Doris A. Howell Foundation Research Scholarship • Web: aep.ucsd.edu/?action=scholarships • Contact: David Artis at dartis@ucsd.edu • Portal to Various Research Programs – • aep.ucsd.edu/?action=programs • students.ucsd.edu/academics/research/undergraduate-research/opportunities/index.html • University of San Diego • Portal to Various Research Programs – • www.sandiego.edu/ugresearch/students/on_campus/ • www.sandiego.edu/academics/research_and_scholarship/undergrad_research.php

45. Team Work!