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Lesson 8: Détente and Fall of Communism, 1972-1991

Lesson 8: Détente and Fall of Communism, 1972-1991. Truman Eisenhower Kennedy Johnson Nixon. Ford Carter Reagan H.W. Bush.

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Lesson 8: Détente and Fall of Communism, 1972-1991

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  1. Lesson 8: Détente and Fallof Communism, 1972-1991 Truman Eisenhower Kennedy Johnson Nixon Ford Carter Reagan H.W. Bush

  2. Détente and RenewedConfrontation Détente or the easing of Cold War tensions between the three superpowers: U.S., U.S.S.R., and the People’s Republic of China Nixon (Détente) Ford (Détente) Carter (Détente to Confrontation) Reagan (Confrontation to Thaw) H.W. Bush (Cold War ended)

  3. Nixon’sDetente Policy Detente Policy Replaced brinksmanship 2. President Nixon trips to China (met with Mao) and to U.S.S.R. (met with Brezhnev) 3. Politically, only Nixon a 1950s “anti-Communist” leader could have pulled this off Secretary of State Henry Kissinger President Richard M. Nixon

  4. Nixon’s Visit to PRCDetente Part of Détente In February of 1972, Kissinger arranged the Nixon trip to the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Begins the process of ending the two-Chinas controversy. Mao Zedong Richard M. Nixon

  5. Nixon ‘s Trip to USSRDetente Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty I (SALT I) This treaty signed by Nixon and Brezhnev cutting back number of ICBM’s and submarine launched ballistic missiles. Helsinki Accords (1975) Leonid Brezhnev Richard M. Nixon

  6. Carter Administration(1977-1981) SALT II (1979) Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan Jimmy Carter

  7. SALT II Treaty President Carter attempted to continue détente Strategic Arms Limitations II Treaty (SALT II) – proposed to limit the size of their nuclear arsenal. The Senate failed to ratify the agreement because of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. Reason for US Policy reversal: U.S. feared that the Soviet invasion threatened Persian Gulf oil supplies. Carter and Brezhnev

  8. Reagan Administration(1981-1989) Reignites the Cold War Ended the détente policies of Nixon, Ford, and Carter. Reagan proposed the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) nicknamed “Star Wars” Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev’s policies 1) glasnost (openness) 2)perestroika (economic restructuring). 3) Pulls the Soviets out of Afghanistan 4) Helped the U.S. put diplomatic pressure on Iran and Iraq to end their eight year war. Ronald Reagan

  9. U.S.-Soviet Relations Confrontation to Detente Reagan called the USSR “the evil empire.” Four major summits between USSR and the US between 1985-1989. Intermediate Nuclear Weapons Treaty (INF) INF Treaty

  10. U.S.-Soviet Relations June 12, 1987, Reagan asked Gorbachev to “tear down this wall (Berlin Wall).” Ronald Reagan

  11. H.W. Bush Administration(1989-1993) Fall of communism in Eastern Europe Fall of the Soviet Union and end of the Cold War H.W. Bush

  12. Fall of the Berlin WallNovember 1989 German Reunification

  13. Fall of the Berlin WallNovember 1989 Destruction of the Wall, the symbol of the Cold War, marked the fall of the Soviet bloc.

  14. German Reunification East German leader Erich Honaker resigned from office and the East German government dissolved in late 1989. West German leader Helmut Kohl pushed for re-unification . Germany re-unified – October 3, 1990. Faced economic difficulties caused by inefficient Communist economic system German Reunification

  15. George H.W. BushFall of Satellite Nations Former Soviet satellites formed democracies and free market economies. Czechoslovakia (Nov. 25, 1989) Poland Hungary Bulgaria Romania (Dec. 25, 1989) Yugoslavia (Civil War) New World Order

  16. Fall of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev (1984-1991) Last Soviet leader Glasnost (openness) Perestroika (restructuring of Soviet economy with a renewal of Lenin’s New Economic Policy) He could not control the change! Mikhail Gorbachev

  17. Charting Gorbachev’s Reforms

  18. Fall of the Soviet Union Boris Yeltsin led a pro-democracy movement in Russia after a coup attempt to overthrow Gorbachev. Renamed the nation Russia in 1992 Boris Yeltsin

  19. Commonwealth of Nations Twelve former Soviet republics realigned into this loose confederation dominated by Russia. Replaced the Soviet Union in 1992 Commonwealth of Nations (CIS)

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