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Settling on the Great plains

Settling on the Great plains. Railroads Open the West 1850-1971, huge ____________ to railroads for laying track in the West 1860-’s __________ Pacific goes east, _______ Pacific goes west, meet in ___________. By 1880’s _____ transcontinental railroads completed

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Settling on the Great plains

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  1. Settling on the Great plains • Railroads Open the West • 1850-1971, huge ____________ to railroads for laying track in the West • 1860-’s __________ Pacific goes east, _______ Pacific goes west, meet in ___________. • By 1880’s _____ transcontinental railroads completed • Railroads sell land to ___________, attract many ______________ immigrants

  2. Settlers move Westward to Farm • Government Support • 1862 ______________ offers _____ acres free to any head of household • 1862-1900 up to ____________ families settle • ____________ - Southern African-American settlers in Kansas • Railroad, state agents, speculators profit; only ______ of land to families

  3. The Closing of the Frontier (2 slides) • 1872 Yellowstone National Park created to protect some ____________. • 1890’s, no ________________ left; some regret loss of unique American feature • Challenges on the Plains: Dugouts and Soddies • Few ________, so many settlers dig homes into sides of ravines or ________ • In plains, make soddy or _______________ by stacking blocks of _______

  4. Women’s Work • Homesteaders virtually __________ must be self __________ • Women do __________work --- plowing, harvesting, shearing sheep • Do ____________work- carding wool, making soap, canning vegetables • Work for communities- sponsor schools, churches

  5. Technical support for Farmers • Mass market for ________________develops with migration to plains. • _________________ of 1862, 1890 finances agricultural _____________. • 1887 Hatch Act creates agricultural _____________________ stations • Farmers in Debt • Railroads, investors create __________ farms--- huge, single-crop spreads • 1885-1890 ___________ bankrupt single-crop operations • Rising cost of shipping grain pushes farmers into ___________.

  6. Section 3 Farmers and the Populist Movement (Farmers unite: Populist Movement Arises) • Farmers buy more _______ to grow more crops to pay off debts. • After Civil War, government takes _____________ out of circulation • Debtors have to pay loans in dollars worth _______ than those borrowed • Prices of crops _________ dramatically • 1870’s debtors push government to put more money in __________ • 1878 Bland-allison Act--- money supply ___________ not enough for farmers.

  7. Problems with the Railroads • Lack of competition lets railroads _______________ to transport grain • Farms mortgaged to buy supplies; suppliers charge high ____________.

  8. The Farmers’ Alliances • 1867, Oliver Hudson ________ starts Patrons of Husbandry or _____________ • Purpose is educational, social; by 1870’s Grange fighting _____________ • Farmers’ ____________ - grops of farmers and sympathizers • Lectures on interest rates, ______________ control of railroads, banks • Gain over 4 million members

  9. The Populist Party Platform • ___________ - movement of the people: Populist party wants ______________ • Economic; increase money _______, graduated income ______, federal loans • Political: Senate elected by ___________; secret ballot: _____ hour day • 1892, Populist candidates elected at different levels of government • ___________ Party eventually adopts platform

  10. The Panic of 1893 • ________ expand faster than markets; some go ________ • Government’s _______ supply depleated, leads to _____ on banks • Businesses, banks _____________ • Panic becomes ______________

  11. Silver or Gold • Political divisions also regional • Republicans: ______________ business owners, bankers • Democrats: __________________ farmers, laborers • Bimetallism--- system using both silver and gold to back _____________. • ___________ -- backing currency with gold only • Paper money considered worthless if cannot be exchanged for __________ • _________: bimetallism would create ________ money, stimulate economy • Gold bugs: gold only would create more ________, if expensive currency

  12. Bryan and the “Cross of Gold” • 1896, Republicans commit to gold, select William ___________ • Democrats favor _______________, choose William Jennings _____________. • ________________ endorse Bryan, choose own _______________ to maintain party identity. • ___________ gets East, Industrial Midwest; _______ South, farm Midwest • ________ elected president; _________ collapses; leaves legacy • The powerless can __________, have political impact • Agenda of ____________ enacted in 20th century

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