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Great Depression

Great Depression. Brother can you spare a dime?. (1)Crisis of Democracy in the West. Problems After the war: Jobs for Veterans Rebuilding Debt Socialism + Nationalism=radical ideas Peace Settlements unfair Lack of Strong Leaders. (2)Treaties Drafted to Encourage International Peace.

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Great Depression

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  1. Great Depression Brother can you spare a dime?

  2. (1)Crisis of Democracy in the West • Problems After the war: • Jobs for Veterans • Rebuilding • Debt • Socialism + Nationalism=radical ideas • Peace Settlements unfair • Lack of Strong Leaders

  3. (2)Treaties Drafted to Encourage International Peace • Locarno Treaty-settled borders btwn Germany, France, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Poland • Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928-Renounced War-Disarmament for U.S., Britain, Japan, France, etc. • League of Nations-Nations cooperate

  4. (3&4)Weak Spots in the World Economy • America-overproduction, decreased demand, pricesfor raw materials+goods • Great Depression-affected world economy, banks stopped loans abroad, demand for repayment of foreign lands, tariffs=“snowball effect

  5. OBJ #1 - Describe the CAUSES and SPARK of the Great Depression. How did Overproduction affect both farmers and industry? What system collapsed and caused millions to lose their savings? Explain how buying on Margin created the Spark. How did people lose money because of the spark? I. OBJ #1- Cause & Spark of the Depression A. Causes of the Depression 1. Overproduction, too much stuff (Factories and Farms) a. Factory Workers begin to get layed-off - Workers cannot buy goods, even more goods are overproduced b. FarmersCan’t Survive -low prices (can’t pay loans / make a living) c. Supply & Demand- Prices Drop 2. Bank Failures a. Banks close and loose $$$ b. People default on loans (Can’t pay Back) c. Banks cannot cover their deposits, because it was lent out to bad creditors **5,000 banks close between 1929-1932** d. People loose entire LIFE SAVINGS

  6. 1920’s Problems Factories making Too Much, Farms growing too much BANKS Have NO $$ PEOPLE LOST SAVINGS & JOBS NO ONE TO HELP! Factories Fire Workers (Don’t need them) Farm Prices fall (Farmers can’t make $$) Banks Close because they have no money: Loans have not been paid back, can’t give people their savings Farmers & Factory Workers can’t pay back loans to Banks: DEFAULT!!

  7. Banks Close Banks have no money to give people + = People Default on Loans People Loose savings

  8. OBJ #1- Cause & Sparks of Depression B. SPARK!!! Of the Depression 1. Stock Market Crash, Black Thur. Oct. 29, 1929 a. Summer 1929, Investors begin to sell stocks b. Supply & Demand Again – Massive Sell-Off and prices begin to ______ 2. How??? a. Buying on Margin (Borrowing $$) - Buy stock by just paying a small portion of what the stock is worth ex.- 100 shares at $10= $1000 only pay $300 still owe $700 -Problem, stock crashes and you loose your money and can’t payback stock broker - stock broker can’t pay back bank

  9. OBJ #1- Cause & Sparks of Depression TOO MUCH STUFF! QUICK REVIEW: Causes: 1. Overproduction 2. Bank Closings Spark: 1. Stock Market Crash Results: 1. Unemployment 2. Life Savings Lost BLACK TUESDAY

  10. (5) Countries Disagree on Policies • British wanted to “relax” harsh treatments of Versilles treaty-fearing power of USSR • France did not.

  11. (6) Reactions to Depression • Coalition governments-merging of political parties. • France, 1936-Leon Blum-Socialist Leader, Popular Front Government,Tried to solve labor problems and pass social legislation. • Germany-Weimar Republic-political division, competition for power, plagued by corruption. • Britain,1926-general strike, Labour Party + Conservative Party gain support in Parliament.

  12. (7 & 12)Prosperity + Depression • U.S.A. returns to isolation-does not join League • Limited Immigration “Red Scare” (Russians, Chinese, Japanese) • Presidents during this time: Wilson, Coolidge, Hoover, FDR • New Deal 1932-Get out of Depression-gov’t more involved, jobs, social security, bank insurance

  13. (9&10)Countries want Independence • Commonwealth of Nations: formed by British after WWI, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, South Africa • Ireland-I.R.A. (Irish Republican Army), used guerilla warfare against British • 1916 Easter Rising-revolt against British 1922 gains freedom except in Northern Ireland

  14. (11)France Pursues Security • Maginot Line: “Wall”/fortification along border between France and Germany.

  15. A Culture in Conflict Section 2 • Changes in Society: womens’suffrage, rejection of tradition, prohibition, Christian fundamentalism spreads in rural areas, Popular culture spreads. • Cultural Changes: Jazz, Literature, Harlem Renaissance, Abstract Art, Scientific Discoveries, Architecture influenced by design

  16. (1-3) Science • Marie Curie-radioactivity • Albert Einstein-relativity • Sigmund Freud-psychoanalysis

  17. (4-6) Art • Pablo Picasso-cubism (3 dimentional) • Georges Braque • Dada artists revolt against civilization and shock viewers • Henri Matisse-unlike real life • Paul Klee-abstract • Vasily Kandinsky-abstract • Salvadore Dali-dream-like

  18. PabloPicasso Massacre at Korea 1951

  19. Georges Barque • Violin and Candlestick 1910

  20. Henri Matisse • Woman with Hat 1905 • Dessert Harmony in Red 1908

  21. Paul Klee

  22. Vasily Kandinsky • Composition VII • Composition X

  23. Salvador Dali Soft Construction with Boiled Beans

  24. Salvadore DaliThe persistence of memory

  25. Dadaism

  26. ArchitectureFrank Lloyd Wright

  27. (7&8) Literature • Eric Remarque-All Quite on the Western Front • T.S. Elliot-The Waste Land • Ernest Hemingway-The Sun Also Rises • F. Scott Fitzgerald-The Great Gatsby • Virginia Woolf-To the Lighthouse, Mrs. Dalloway • James Joyce-Finnegan’s Wake • Writers experiment with the stream of consciousness-character’s inner thoughts explored

  28. (9&10)Popular Culture • Radio-creates mass culture through sound • Jazz music-pioneered by African Americans combines western harmonies w/African rhythms, symbolizes the 1920s

  29. (11&12) Society Louise Brooks • 1920s women defy tradition-> Flappers • Women won the right to vote, access to higher education, admittance to art and science. Alice Joyce

  30. OBJ #2- Affects of the Great Depression Wizard of C.Escaping the Depression 1. Radio- Comedies, Soap Operas 2. Movies- Shirley Temple, Child Actors a. Snow White (first full-length animation) b. Wizard of OZ *Small girl escaping the Dust Bowl 3. Literature a. Steinbeck, Grapes of Wrath *About a family of ‘Okies’ escaping the Dust Bowl and how horribly they were treated OZ

  31. Benito Mussolini Victor Emmanuel III Mussolini

  32. Benito Mussolini

  33. (A) Fascism in Italy • Mussolini’s Rise to Power-1919 organized Veterans and angry Italians in the fascist party. • Organized “Black Shirts”-Violence • King Victor Emmanuel III gives control after March on Rome • Italy becomes dictatorship and economy is brought under control.”Cooperate State” (fascist party controlled all)

  34. (B) Fascism in Italy • Men, women + children make sacrifices for nation • Youth = obey military discipline and glorify Mussolini • Mussolini= IL Duce “The Leader” • “Machines and Women = Unemployment • Influenced Hitler and Stalin

  35. (C) What is Fascism? • While both fascism and communism were by their appeal during economic hard times and by dictators who imposed totalitarian gov’ts, the 2 idealologies pursued different goals and found support among different groups. • Fascism appealed to many Italians because it promised a strong, stable government, an end to political feuding, and an awakening of national pride. • 3 systems of gov’t competed for influence in postwar Europe: democracy (B&F) Communism (USSR) and fascism (Italy

  36. What is Fascism? Values Characteristics Centralized Authoritarian Noncommunist Pursued aggressive foreign expansion • No unifying set of beliefs • Extreme nationalism • Discipline • Loyalty to state • Anti-democratic

  37. Fascism Vs. Communism Differences with Communism Similarities with Communism Terror, blind devotion to state Totalitarian governments to control nation and make rapid changes • Works for nationalist rather (power for the party) than international goals. • Dictator takes all-don’t share the wealth. • Supports a society with defined classes.

  38. Totalitarian Government • Single party dictatorship • State control of economy • Censorship • Obedience to single ruler • Schools and Media used to force ideals

  39. Adolf Hitler

  40. Germany after World War I Under Weimar Republic Rise of Nazi Party 1919 leader of Nazi Party (Nationalist Socialist German Workers)=Hitler 1923 Hitler wrote- Mein Kampf (My Struggle) Hitler’s ideas rooted in anti-semitism and a superior raceLebensraum-”living space” Germany for Aryans Nazi membership as unemployment Hitler promised to end reparations, create jobs, rearm Germany Elected Chancellor 1933 • Blamed for Versailles Treaty • French occupation of Ruhr leads to economic crises. • Inflation spirals out of control • Economy improves in late 1920s • Great Depression hits 1930s • Tumultuous times stimulates new cultural movements • Berlin attracts writers and artists from around the world

  41. Germany Under Nazi Control • Totalitarian State = Third Reich • Rule through Terror-””Storm Troopers”, Gestapo. Propaganda • Launched Public Works program-got out of depression • Ideas spread to youth-burned books • Single State Church • Campaigned against Jews-Kristallnacht 11/10/38, concentration camps

  42. Vocabulary • Dawes Plan: 1924 agreement in which France withdrew its troops from the Ruhr, and American loans helped the German economy recover. • Mein Kampf: book written by Hitler while in jail that details Nazi goals and idealology • Third Reich: Hitler’s name for the period in which he ruled Germany as had past emperors such as Charlemagne and Bismarck • Kristallnacht: “Night of Broken Glass” in which nazi led mobs attacked Jewish communities across Germany. • Concentration Camp: Detention centers for civilians considered to be enemies of a state

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