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Jennifer Holland Cameron University

Majoring. in Wagering:. College Student. Jennifer Holland Cameron University. Gambling. 1982: Legalization of racetrack gambling. 1988: Indian Gaming Regulatory Act. 1988-2008: more than 100 tribal casinos and bingo halls open. 2004:

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Jennifer Holland Cameron University

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  1. Majoring in Wagering: College Student Jennifer Holland Cameron University Gambling

  2. 1982: Legalization of racetrack gambling 1988: Indian Gaming Regulatory Act 1988-2008: more than 100 tribal casinos and bingo halls open 2004: Voters approve state lottery and racetrack casinos History of Gambling in Oklahoma ? http://www.newsok.com/article/3071999/

  3. Oklahoma Lottery Scratchers Powerball Cash 5 Pick 3 Casino Gaming Internet Gambling Bingo Horse Racing Poker/Cards Pari-mutuel Wagering Charitable Gaming Sports Betting Gambling in Oklahoma

  4. Size of the industry

  5. Nationally • Total spent on legal gambling has increased 25% since 2003. • 2/3 of adults placed a bet last year. • 37 states have lotteries. • Lottery profits are $17 billion annually. • 260 casinos on Indian reservations • Located in 31 states • $6.7 billion revenue annually • Casinos profit $30 billion annually. • Internet gambling has nearly doubled every year since 1997. Source: The Oklahoman

  6. Oklahoma • Growth in Oklahoma in 2006 up 24.7% • 2032 lottery retailers • Oklahoma has more than 100 casinos and bingo halls, 2 horsetracks/racinos • 57,000 slot machines - Gaming machine count ranks 3rd in the nation • $2.2 billion revenue reported by tribal casinos in 2007 • 2006 spending per capita in Oklahoma was double the national average. Sources: 2006 North American Gaming Almanac and 2006 Indian Gaming Industry Report

  7. defining theissue

  8. Statistics • 80% of adults gambled in the past year; 15% gambled in the last week. • 22% of teens admitted to gambling at a casino by their senior year of high school. • 15 million people display sign of gambling addiction • Men consistently have higher prevalence rates • 75,000 problem and compulsive gamblers in Oklahoma • Households with less than $10,000 spend more on lotteries that those with incomes over $50,000. Source: The Oklahoman

  9. Problem Gambling: Gambling behavior which causes disruptions in any major area of life Pathological: Persistent and recurrent maladaptive gambling behavior that disrupts personal, family, or vocational pursuits Pathological Gambling a.k.a. “Compulsive Gambling” or “Gambling Addiction” Definitions Source: National Council on Problem Gambling

  10. Social Gambling Occasional gambler; sticks with time limits Sticks to limits of money to play with Hopes to win but expects to lose Can take it or leave it; has other activities/interests Problem Gambling Frequent, or spends more time gambling Plays with money that is needed or borrowed Expects to win; keeps playing to win back losses Preoccupied about gambling; restless if trying to cut down Telling the Difference

  11. College Quick Facts • 50.4%: • College men who gamble on cards at least once a month • 26.6% • College women who gamble on cards at least once a month • 26% • College men who gamble in online card games at least once a month Source: Annenberg Public Policy Center (2005)

  12. Recognizing gambling problems • Unexplained absences/sudden drop in grades. • Sudden visible changes in behavior/personality • Possession of a large amount of money, brags about winning. • Unusual interest in sport scores or stats. • Intense interest in conversations about gambling. • Unexplained financial problems. • Starts screening phone calls in fear of debt collectors. http://www.lanecounty.org/prevention/gambling/youth_signs_PG.htm

  13. Most Common Effects ofProblem Gambling $23,000 average • Debt • Crime • Depression/Suicide • Relationship problems • Employment problems • Concurrent alcohol and/or drug problems 1 in 4 1 in 19 attempt suicide 1 in 4 1 in 7 1 in 3 alcohol problem 1 in 10 drug problem 7 in 10 use tobacco Source: Moore, T.L., & Marotta, J. (2007). Oregon Gambling Treatment Programs Evaluation Update.

  14. Reasons Students Are Gambling • Chance to win money • Excitement • Time with friends • Distraction from everyday life and school • Looks like an easy/quick way to get rich • Rush of winning • Feeling of being important http://www.lanecounty.org/prevention/gambling/youth_risk_factors.htm

  15. Why are Students at Risk? • Age • Availability • Acceptability • Advertising/Media • Access to Cash

  16. Age of our students

  17. Rates of Problem Gambling by Age Sources: Carlson & Moore, 1998; Shaffer & Hall, 2001; Moore, 2001; Volberg, 2001

  18. Availability to our campuses

  19. Where are casinos located? http://500nations.com/oklahoma_casinos.asp

  20. Cameron University - Lawton Comanche: 3 Caddo: 3 Cotton: 4 Stephens: 3 Casinos in close proximity – 13 Tulsa Tulsa: 5 Okmulgee: 2 Creek: 1 Pawnee: 2 Osage: 2 Washington: 1 Rogers: 4 Casinos in close proximity – 17 Our campusesNumber of casinos located within county and in bordering counties

  21. University of Oklahoma Cleveland: 3 Canadian: 1 McClain: 2 Pottawatomie: 3 Casinos in close proximity – 9 Riverwind Casino - Newcastle Oklahoma State University Pawnee: 2 Osage: 2 Kay: 9 Noble: 1 Payne: 1 Creek: 1 Tulsa: 5 Casinos in close proximity - 20 Our campusesNumber of casinos located within county and in bordering counties

  22. East Central University - Ada Pontotoc: 2 Murray: 4 Garvin 1 McClain: 2 Cleveland: 3 Pottawatomie: 3 Seminole: 6 Casinos in close proximity – 21 Southeastern Oklahoma State University - Durant Bryan: 2 Marshall: 2 Atoka: 1 Choctaw: 2 Casinos in close proximity – 7 Our campusesNumber of casinos located within county and in bordering counties

  23. Northeastern State University - Tahlequah Cherokee: 2 Sequoyah: 3 Muskogee: 2 Casinos in close proximity – 7 Southwestern Oklahoma State University - Weatherford Custer: 1 Blaine: 2 Caddo: 3 Casinos in close proximity - 6 OurcampusesNumber of casinos located within county and in bordering counties

  24. Acceptability in our society

  25. Advertising targets students

  26. Advertisements

  27. Access to ca$h

  28. Assessing the problem

  29. Just How Big is the Problem? • 1 in 20 college students will develop a gambling problem • (Shaffer and Hall, 2001) • Approximately 15% of college students are at risk for gambling problems • (Neighbors, University of Washington)

  30. Online Gambling • 25,000 gambling web sites • Quickest “incubation period” to addiction • Why? • Impulsivity • Isolation • Intermittent rewards • Players cannot use credit cards to gamble from the U.S. • Players have found alternative methods of depositing money into online gambling sites.

  31. Are Students Gambling Online? • Online Gambling: • $15 Billion in 2006 • ½ from U.S. • More than 1 million young people use Internet gambling sites each month • Source: Annenberg Public Policy Center, 2006 • Rates of online gambling amount males 18-22 doubled in 2005 • Source: Annerberg Public Policy Center, 2006

  32. Sports Bets • About 30% of U.S. college students will gamble on sports this year (NCPG) • In Oklahoma, sports wagering is illegal. • NCAA rules for student athletes forbid betting on college or professional sports.

  33. Looking at prevention

  34. Treatment/Prevention in Oklahoma • State allocates $750,000 to treatment and prevention • Seeing improvement • 134 counselors received gambling specific training • A 24/7 helpline was created • 14 providers have become Certified Gambling Treatment Programs • 9 facilities offer free outpatient gambling treatment • Treatment and prevention work http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb Oklahoma Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services

  35. Resources Gambling Hot Line (800) 522-4700 www.odmhsas.org/Gambling

  36. Campus responsibility

  37. Questions About Our Institutions • How common is student gambling on your campus? • How are students gambling? • Are you seeing problems or negative effects? • What is the best way to get the attention of students for an issue like this? • What information/services should universities provide?

  38. What can we do? • Assessment • Awareness • Intervention & Assistance • Policy recommendations • Be proactive

  39. Thanks to… Majoring in Wagering: Julie Hynes Problem Gambling Prevention Program Lane County Health and Human Services Oregon

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