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Circular Motion

Learn about circular motion, centripetal acceleration, and force. Discover equations for period, frequency, speed, and centripetal force. Explore examples and exercises to solidify your understanding.

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Circular Motion

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  1. Circular Motion Centripetal Acceleration and Force

  2. Period, Frequency and Speed • Period: Time it takes for one full rotation or revolution of an object • Frequency: The number of rotations or revolutions per unit time • Period and frequency are reciprocals of each other

  3. Equation T = 1 f = 1 f and T Period (T) is a measure of time so the S.I. Unit is second. The unit for frequency (f) is the reciprocal or 1/s this unit is defined as a hertz (Hz)

  4. Speed • When an object spins in a circle, the distance it travels in one revolution is the circumference of the circle, 2лr. The time it takes for one revolution is the period,T. Therefore, • Speed = 2л(radius) or v=2лr period T

  5. Linear and Tangential Speed v Where v is called the linear or tangential speed because at any given time, the velocity is tangent to the circle as shown. Although the velocity is constant in magnitude(speed), it is always changing direction

  6. Centripetal Acceleration An object can move around a circle with constant speed yet still be accelerating because its direction is constantly changing. This acceleration, which is always directed toward the center of the circle, is called centripetal acceleration.

  7. Equation Centripetal acceleration = (linear speed)2 radius or ac = v2 r

  8. Centripetal Force If a mass is being accelerated toward the center of a circle, it must be acted upon by an unbalanced force that gives it this acceleration. This force is called centripetal force, is always directed toward the center of the circle.

  9. Centripetal Force Centripetal force = (mass)(centripetal acceleration) Or Fc = mac = mv2 r The units for centripetal force and centripetal acceleration are m/s2 and N

  10. Example # 1 After closing a deal with a client, Kent leans back in his swivel chair and spins around with a frequency of .5Hz. What is Kent’s period of spin?

  11. After closing a deal with a client, Kent leans back in his swivel chair and spins around with a frequency of .5Hz. What is Kent’s period of spin? Given: f = .5Hz Unknown: T Equ: T = 1/f = 1/.5Hz= 2s Example #1

  12. Example #2 Curtis’ favorite disco record has a scratch 12cm from the center that makes the record skip 45 times each minute. What is the linear speed of the scratch as it turns?

  13. Curtis’ favorite disco record has a scratch 12cm from the center that makes the record skip 45 times each minute. What is the linear speed of the scratch as it turns? Solution: The record makes 45 revolutions every 60 seconds, so find the period of the record first. T= 60s = 1.3s 45 rev Example #2

  14. Example #2 Given: r= 12cm Unknwn: v T = 1.3 s Equ.= 2Лr = 2 Л (12cm) = 58 cm/s T 1.3s

  15. Example #3 Missy’s favorite ride at Topsfield Fair is the rotor, which has a radius of 4 m. The ride takes 2s to make one full revolution. • What is Missy’s linear speed on rotor? • What is Missy’s centripetal acceleration on rotor?

  16. Missy’s favorite ride at Topsfield Fair is the rotor, which has a radius of 4 m. The ride takes 2s to make one full revolution. What is Missy’s linear speed on rotor? Given: r = 4 m T = 2s Unkwn: v v = 2Лr = 2Л (4m) T 2s v = 13m/s Example # 3

  17. Example #4 Captain Chip, the pilot of a 60,500-kg jet plane, is told that he must remain in a holding pattern over the airport until it is his turn to land. If Capt. Chip flies his plane in a circle whose radius is radius is 50 km once every 30 min. , what centripetal force must the air exert against the wings to keep the plane moving in a circle?

  18. Given: f = 60rev/min r = 10cm = .1m Equ: v=2лr = 2 (л)( .1m) T 1/f v = .62 m/s Convert 60rev 1min = 1rev/s min 60 s Exercise #5

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