Problem based science

1. Problem based science Problem orientation Problems, problems and problems

2. Problems Traditional science How do we know? What do we know? Science! Traditional science, normal science, science as “it is”. Science as a set of techniques and procedures that will produce valid knowledge Background – Rationalism – positivism

3. Problems Once upon a time … Once upon a time ...

4. Problems Critique of Scientism Result - Science Rationalism and positivism as scientism - Trustworthy methods - research – development – commercialisation - the science machine Critique of Scientism Power: Knowledge is power and Power defines knowledge Truth: The legitimacy and the legitimisation Knowledge and interest Praxis: ? (What is the value of science)

5. Problems The science machine The triangle

6. Problems The science machine The science machine Science - Normal science – conventional theory, conventional methods Euclidian – Newtonian method The triangle Phenomenon: The triangle Data: h and g Theory: ½hg Results: The area of the triangle Validity: The correct measurement

7. Problems Problems with the science machine Problems with the science machine: Understanding new and unknown phenomena Definitions Theory Results – from data or theory? Validity – correct, but true? Conclusions: The science machine cannot be the only solution to the problem of valid knowledge

8. Problems The university according to the science machine: Teach and learn theory Teach and learn the use of science machines Research: build and repair science machines Problem: It is boring, it is inefficient, it is often in-valid. Cannot create new knowledge?

9. Problems The problem based alternative The problem based alternative: It is fun it is efficient it created new knowledge