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The Cell Cycle & Mitosis

The Cell Cycle & Mitosis. Cellular Division 101. The Cell Cycle. The Cell Cycle. The cell cycle is the series of events that occur in a cell including growth, replication and division. There are two major divisions: Interphase Mitotic Phase (Mitosis and Cytokinesis). Interphase.

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The Cell Cycle & Mitosis

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  1. The Cell Cycle & Mitosis Cellular Division 101

  2. The Cell Cycle

  3. The Cell Cycle • The cell cycle is the series of events that occur in a cell including growth, replication and division. • There are two major divisions: • Interphase • Mitotic Phase (Mitosis and Cytokinesis)

  4. Interphase

  5. Interphase • Interphase is where cells spend most of their lives. • Interphase is the time between cell divisions. • There are three phases to Interphase. • G1 – Cell growth • S – DNA is copied • G2 – Growth continues and preparation for division begins.

  6. What is Mitosis?

  7. What is Mitosis? • Mitosis is the division of the nucleus of a cell with duplicated DNA • In mitosis, a parent cell divides into two diploid daughter cells • Four steps: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

  8. Prophase

  9. Prophase • Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes • Nuclear envelope dissolves • Centrosomes move to opposite ends of the cell • Spindle forms between centrosomes and chromosomes start to move to the center

  10. Metaphase

  11. Metaphase • Chromosomes line up across the center of the cell • Chromosomes attach to the spindle fibers

  12. Anaphase

  13. Anaphase • Centromeres divide • Sister chromatids move rapidly to opposite poles

  14. Telophase

  15. Telophase • Chromosomes return to chromatin form • Spindle fibers disappear • Nuclear envelope begins to form around each set of chromosomes

  16. Cytokinesis

  17. The process by which cells divide. Animal cells: cleavage furrow. Area of the cell membrane pinches in Plant cells: cell plate. Vesicles from the Golgi apparatus join together at the midline of the cell to form a cell wall Two daughter cells are about the same size. Each receives half the cytoplasm and half the organelles. Cytokinesis

  18. Prophase

  19. Metaphase

  20. Anaphase

  21. Telophase

  22. Control of Cell Division

  23. Control of Cell Division • Think traffic lights – green means go, while red means stop. • Three checkpoints in the cell decide whether the cell should “stop” or “go”. • Cell Growth Checkpoint (G1) • Is the cell large enough? Is it healthy? Green light sends us into DNA replication. • DNA Synthesis Checkpoint (G2) • Did DNA replicate correctly? Green sends the cell into Mitosis. • Mitosis Checkpoint • Did mitosis go okay? Green sends the cells exiting mitosis.

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