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9 May 1950

Winston Churchill calls for a "kind of United States of Europe" in a speech he gives at the Zurich University

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9 May 1950

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  1. Winston Churchill calls for a "kind of United States of Europe" in a speech he gives at the Zurich University Churchill, a former army officer, war reporter and British Prime Minister (1940-45 and 1951-55), was one of the first to call for the creation of a 'United States of Europe’. Following the experience of the Second World War, he was convinced that only a united Europe could guarantee peace.

  2. 9 May 1950 • In a speech inspired by Jean Monnet, the French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman proposed integrating the coal and steel industries of Western Europe • Later, every 9 May is celebrated as ‘Europe Day’

  3. 18 April 1951 • Based on the Schuman plan, six countries sign a treaty to run their heavy industries — coal and steel — under a common management. In this way, none can on its own make the weapons of war to turn against the other, as in the past. The six are Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands

  4. 10 February 1953 • The Common Market for coal and iron ore is set into place

  5. 1-2 June 1955 • Meeting in Messina (Italy), the Foreign Ministers of the Six agree to aim at the integration of their countries on the economic front

  6. 25 March 1957 • Building on the success of the Coal and Steel Treaty, the six countries expand cooperation to other economic sectors. They sign the Treaty of Rome, creating the European Economic Community (EEC), or ‘common market’. The idea is for people, goods and services to move freely across borders

  7. 20 July 1963 • The Yaoundé Convention. The EU signs its first big international agreement — a deal to help 18 former colonies in Africa. By 2005, it has a special partnership with 78 countries in Africa, the Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) regions

  8. 1 July 1968 • The six remove customs duties on good imported from each other, allowing free cross-border trade for the first time. They also apply the same duties on their imports from outside countries. The world’s biggest trading group is born.

  9. 22 January 1972 • Signature, by Denmark, Ireland, Norway and the United Kingdom, of the Treaties of accession to the European Communities. The 1 January 1973 the six become nine when Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom formally enter the EU.

  10. 20 November 1973 • The Council discusses in detail the measures proposed by the Commission regarding the reorganisation of the common agricultural policy (CAP) that is to be set into place by end 1977

  11. 10 December 1974 • To show their solidarity, EU leaders set up the European Regional Development Fund. Its purpose is to transfer money from rich to poor regions to improve roads and communications, attract investment and create jobs. This type of activity later comes to account for one third of all EU spending.

  12. 28 May 1979 • The acts relating to Greece's accession to the Communities are signed in Athens, Greece bringing membership to 10 the 1st of January 1981

  13. 7–10 June 1979 • EU citizens directly elect the members of the European Parliament for the first time. Previously they were delegated by national parliaments. Members sit in pan-European political groups (Socialist, Conservative, Liberal, Greens, etc.) and not in national delegations. The influence of the Parliament is constantly increasing

  14. 12 June 1985 • Signature of the Accession Treaties of Spain and Portugal bringing membership to 12 the 1st of January 1986

  15. 15 June 1987 • The EU launches the ‘Erasmus’ programme to fund university students wishing to study for up to a year in another European country. More than 2 million young people have benefited from this and similar EU schemes

  16. 7 February 1992 • The Treaty on European Union is signed in Maastricht. It is a major EU milestone, setting clear rules for the future single currency as well as for foreign and security policy and closer cooperation in justice and home affairs. Under the treaty, the name ‘European Union’ officially replaces ‘European Community’

  17. 1 January 1993 • The single market and its four freedoms are established: the free movement of goods, services, people and money is now reality. More than 200 laws have been agreed since 1986 covering tax policy, business regulations, professional qualifications and other barriers to open frontiers. The free movement of some services is delayed

  18. 24 June 1994 • Signature of the Accession Treaties of Austria, Finland and Sweden bringing membership to 15 the 1st of January 1995

  19. 26 March 1995 • The Schengen Agreement takes effect in seven countries — Belgium, Germany, Spain, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Portugal. Travellers of any nationality can travel between all these countries without any passport control at the frontiers. Other countries have since joined the passport-free Schengen area

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