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Chapter 3

Chapter 3. Disks and Formatting. Outcomes. Describe the structure of a disk Differentiate between internal and external commands Use the FORMAT command with various fixed and variable parameters Use LABEL and VOL commands. Disk Formatting. Physical Formatting

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Chapter 3

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  1. Chapter 3 Disks and Formatting G. DeRoest

  2. Outcomes • Describe the structure of a disk • Differentiate between internal and external commands • Use the FORMAT command with various fixed and variable parameters • Use LABEL and VOL commands G. DeRoest

  3. G. DeRoest

  4. Disk Formatting • Physical Formatting • Sequentially numbered tracks and sectors are created • Logical Formatting • File system organization to keep track of files stored on the disk G. DeRoest

  5. Physical FORMATTING 512 BYTES G. DeRoest

  6. 000 001 010 011 100 … G. DeRoest

  7. Logical FORMATTING Cluster G. DeRoest

  8. FAT Cluster Size G. DeRoest

  9. A File 011001110101000011111100000000000000000000011110101000101101010101010010100011111010101000101000111111000 G. DeRoest

  10. A File 011001110101000011111100000000000000000000011110101000101101010101010010100011111010101000101000111111000 G. DeRoest

  11. Disk Formatting • Sector - 512 bytes of floppy disk space • Cluster – 1 or more sectors grouped together for access by the file system • Cluster overhang – space remaining within a cluster, not used by a saved file G. DeRoest

  12. Cluster Overhang 312 bytes of wasted space 200 byte file 512 byte cluster G. DeRoest

  13. Boot Record Root Directory FAT #1 FAT #2 Data Storage G. DeRoest

  14. G. DeRoest

  15. FAT, VFAT, FAT32 • File Allocation Table • 65,536 clusters max • 2.1 GB disk partition • 512 root directory entries • Virtual FAT • Windows 95 • Supporting long file names • 32 bit FAT • Windows 95 B , Windows 98 • 2 terabyte disk partition • 64,000+ root directory entries G. DeRoest

  16. FAT Components G. DeRoest

  17. Practical FAT G. DeRoest

  18. NTFS • Secure file system • More efficient storage • Faster access • Journaling provides better recovery • File compression and encryption • Quotas G. DeRoest

  19. NTFS G. DeRoest

  20. NTFS G. DeRoest

  21. Compare NTFS and FAT G. DeRoest

  22. Hard Disk Organization Primary 1 Primary 2 Primary 3 Primary 4 Extended Partition MBR 512 bytes Logical Partitions Boot Sector G. DeRoest

  23. FORMAT.COM • External command • Located at C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\FORMAT.COM G. DeRoest

  24. FORMAT.COM /? Formats a disk for use with Windows 2000, XP, Vista. FORMAT volume [/FS:file-system] [/V:label] [/Q] [/A:size] [/C] [/X]FORMAT volume [/V:label] [/Q] [/F:size]FORMAT volume [/V:label] [/Q] [/T:tracks /N:sectors]FORMAT volume [/V:label] [/Q] [/1] [/4]FORMAT volume [/Q] [/1] [/4] [/8] volume - Specifies the drive letter (followed by a colon), mount point, or volume name. /FS:filesystem Specifies the type of the file system (FAT, FAT32, or NTFS). /V:labelSpecifies the volume label. /Q Performs a quick format. /C Files created on the new volume will be compressed by default. /X Forces the volume to dismount first if necessary. All opened handles to the volume would no longer be valid. /A:size Overrides the default allocation unit size. Default settings are strongly recommended for general use.NTFS supports 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16K, 32K, 64K.FAT supports 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16K, 32K, 64K, (128K, 256K for sector size > 512 bytes).FAT32 supports 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16K, 32K, 64K, (128K, 256K for sector size > 512 bytes). Note that the FAT and FAT32 files systems impose the below restrictions on the number of clusters on a volume: FAT: Number of clusters <= 65526 FAT32: 65526 < Number of clusters < 268435446 Format will immediately stop processing if it decides that the above requirements cannot be met using the specified cluster size. NTFS compression is not supported for allocation unit sizes above 4096. /F:sizeSpecifies the size of the floppy disk to format (160, 180, 320, 360, 640, 720, 1.2, 1.23, 1.44, 2.88, or 20.8). /T:tracksSpecifies the number of tracks per disk side. /N:sectorsSpecifies the number of sectors per track. /1 Formats a single side of a floppy disk. /4 Formats a 5.25-inch 360K floppy disk in a high-density drive. /8 Formats eight sectors per track. G. DeRoest

  25. FORMAT.COM C:\> FORMAT E: C:\> FORMAT E: /Q C:\> FORMAT E: /V:CIS140 C:\> FORMAT E: /FS:FAT32 C:\> FORMAT E: /U -- Discontinued G. DeRoest

  26. VOL Displays the disk volume label and serial number, if they exist. VOL [drive:] C:\> VOL C:\> VOL C: C:\> VOL B: -- Error G. DeRoest

  27. LABEL Creates, changes, or deletes the volume label of a disk. LABEL [drive:][label] C:\> LABEL E: C:\> LABEL E:DATA C:\> LABEL E:DATA DISK G. DeRoest

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