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Section 2.4—Defining, Naming & Writing Acids & Bases. We need to know what acids behave when talking about ant-acids!. Acids. H. +1. +1. H. water. O. O. H. H. H. H. Acids – Arrhenius Definition. Produce Hydronium ion (H 3 O +1 ) in water Hydronium ion is water + a hydrogen cation.
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Section 2.4—Defining, Naming & Writing Acids & Bases We need to know what acids behave when talking about ant-acids!
H +1 +1 H water O O H H H H Acids – Arrhenius Definition • Produce Hydronium ion (H3O+1) in water • Hydronium ion is water + a hydrogen cation By this definition, if an acid is to give a H+1 to water, then all acids will have hydrogen as the cation (first element written).
- H O H H How do Acids produce Hydronium? water acid Hydrogen cation with some anion
- H O H H How do Acids produce Hydronium? +1
- H O H H How do Acids produce Hydronium? +1 Hydronium ion Anion
Naming non-oxygen Acids • These compounds have: • Start with “H” (more than 1 “H” is OK, too). • Do not contain oxygen • To name these compounds: • Use “hydro____ic acid” • Fill in the blank with the anion’s name without the last syllable
Example #1 HBr
Example #1 It’s an acid Hydrogen cation HBr Hydrobromic acid Bromine No oxygen Use “hydro___ic”
Naming Oxygen Acids • These compounds have: • Start with “H” (more than 1 “H” is OK, too). • Do contain oxygen • To name these compounds: • Use “___ic acids” for “-ate” anions • Use “___ous acids” for “-ite” anions Do not use “hydro” with these…the word “acid” is how you know it begins with hydrogen, not “hydro-”
Example #2 H2SO3
Example #2 It’s an acid Hydrogen cation H2SO3 Sulfite ion “-ite” ion Use “___ous” acid Sulfurous acid
Example #3 H2SO4
Example #3 It’s an acid Hydrogen cation H2SO4 Sulfate ion “-ate” ion Use “___ic” Sulfuric acid
Let’s Practice HCl HNO3 H2S H3PO3 Example: Write the name for the following compounds
Let’s Practice HCl HNO3 H2S H3PO3 Hydrochloric acid Nitric acid Hydrosulfuric acid Phosphorous acid Example: Write the name for the following compounds
“Hydro-” acids • To write these formulas: • The cation is H+1 • Write the anion and charge • Balance the charges by adding the appropriate subscript to the hydrogen cation
Example #4 Hydrofluoric acid
Example #4 H+1 Hydrogen cation Hydrofluoric acid Does not contain oxygen F-1
Example #4 H+1 Hydrogen cation Hydrofluoric acid Does not contain oxygen H+1F-1 F-1 +1 + -1 = 0 HF The compound is neutral. Subscripts are not needed
NON “Hydro-” acids • To write these formulas: • The cation is H+1 • If it is an “-ic” acid, the anion is the “-ate” polyatomic ion • If it is an “-ous” acid, the anion is the “-ite” polyatomic ion • Add subscript to the hydrogen cation to balance charges
Example #5 Carbonic acid
Example #5 H+1 Hydrogen cation Carbonic acid From the “___ate” anion CO3-2
Example #5 H+1 H+CO32- Hydrogen cation +1 + -2 = -1 Carbonic acid H+H+CO32- +1 + 1 + -2 = 0 From the “___ate” anion CO3-2 H2CO3
Example #6 Nitrous acid
Example #6 H+1 Hydrogen cation Nitrous acid From the “___ite” anion NO3-1
Example #6 H+1 Hydrogen cation Nitrous acid H+NO2- From the “___ite” anion +1 + -1 = 0 NO3-1 HNO2
Let’s Practice Phosphoric acid Hydroiodic acid Carbonous acid Perchloric acid Example: Write the formula for the following acids
Let’s Practice Phosphoric acid Hydroiodic acid Carbonous acid Perchloric acid H3PO4 HI H2CO2 HClO4 Example: Write the formula for the following acids
-1 O H Bases – Arrhenius Definition • Bases produce the hydroxide ion in water Hydroxide Ion
Naming Bases • Most bases are just ionic compounds with “hydroxide” as their anion • The most common exception to this is ammonia • NH3 (ammonia) is a base even though it doesn’t contain “-OH” as the anion
Example #7 NaOH
Example #7 Sodium NaOH Sodium Hydroxide Hydroxide
Let’s Practice Ca(OH)2 KOH Sr(OH)2 Copper (II) hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Example: Write the formula or name for each
Let’s Practice Ca(OH)2 KOH Sr(OH)2 Copper (II) hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide Strontium hydroxide Cu(OH)2 Mg(OH)2 Example: Write the formula or name for each