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Section 2.4—Defining, Naming & Writing Acids & Bases

Section 2.4—Defining, Naming & Writing Acids & Bases. We need to know what acids behave when talking about ant-acids!. Acids. H. +1. +1. H. water. O. O. H. H. H. H. Acids – Arrhenius Definition. Produce Hydronium ion (H 3 O +1 ) in water Hydronium ion is water + a hydrogen cation.

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Section 2.4—Defining, Naming & Writing Acids & Bases

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  1. Section 2.4—Defining, Naming & Writing Acids & Bases We need to know what acids behave when talking about ant-acids!

  2. Acids

  3. H +1 +1 H water O O H H H H Acids – Arrhenius Definition • Produce Hydronium ion (H3O+1) in water • Hydronium ion is water + a hydrogen cation By this definition, if an acid is to give a H+1 to water, then all acids will have hydrogen as the cation (first element written).

  4. - H O H H How do Acids produce Hydronium? water acid Hydrogen cation with some anion

  5. - H O H H How do Acids produce Hydronium? +1

  6. - H O H H How do Acids produce Hydronium? +1 Hydronium ion Anion

  7. Naming Acids

  8. Naming non-oxygen Acids • These compounds have: • Start with “H” (more than 1 “H” is OK, too). • Do not contain oxygen • To name these compounds: • Use “hydro____ic acid” • Fill in the blank with the anion’s name without the last syllable

  9. Example #1 HBr

  10. Example #1 It’s an acid Hydrogen cation HBr Hydrobromic acid Bromine No oxygen Use “hydro___ic”

  11. Naming Oxygen Acids • These compounds have: • Start with “H” (more than 1 “H” is OK, too). • Do contain oxygen • To name these compounds: • Use “___ic acids” for “-ate” anions • Use “___ous acids” for “-ite” anions Do not use “hydro” with these…the word “acid” is how you know it begins with hydrogen, not “hydro-”

  12. Example #2 H2SO3

  13. Example #2 It’s an acid Hydrogen cation H2SO3 Sulfite ion “-ite” ion Use “___ous” acid Sulfurous acid

  14. Example #3 H2SO4

  15. Example #3 It’s an acid Hydrogen cation H2SO4 Sulfate ion “-ate” ion Use “___ic” Sulfuric acid

  16. Let’s Practice HCl HNO3 H2S H3PO3 Example: Write the name for the following compounds

  17. Let’s Practice HCl HNO3 H2S H3PO3 Hydrochloric acid Nitric acid Hydrosulfuric acid Phosphorous acid Example: Write the name for the following compounds

  18. Writing Acid Formulas

  19. “Hydro-” acids • To write these formulas: • The cation is H+1 • Write the anion and charge • Balance the charges by adding the appropriate subscript to the hydrogen cation

  20. Example #4 Hydrofluoric acid

  21. Example #4 H+1 Hydrogen cation Hydrofluoric acid Does not contain oxygen F-1

  22. Example #4 H+1 Hydrogen cation Hydrofluoric acid Does not contain oxygen H+1F-1 F-1 +1 + -1 = 0 HF The compound is neutral. Subscripts are not needed

  23. NON “Hydro-” acids • To write these formulas: • The cation is H+1 • If it is an “-ic” acid, the anion is the “-ate” polyatomic ion • If it is an “-ous” acid, the anion is the “-ite” polyatomic ion • Add subscript to the hydrogen cation to balance charges

  24. Example #5 Carbonic acid

  25. Example #5 H+1 Hydrogen cation Carbonic acid From the “___ate” anion CO3-2

  26. Example #5 H+1 H+CO32- Hydrogen cation +1 + -2 = -1 Carbonic acid H+H+CO32- +1 + 1 + -2 = 0 From the “___ate” anion CO3-2 H2CO3

  27. Example #6 Nitrous acid

  28. Example #6 H+1 Hydrogen cation Nitrous acid From the “___ite” anion NO3-1

  29. Example #6 H+1 Hydrogen cation Nitrous acid H+NO2- From the “___ite” anion +1 + -1 = 0 NO3-1 HNO2

  30. Let’s Practice Phosphoric acid Hydroiodic acid Carbonous acid Perchloric acid Example: Write the formula for the following acids

  31. Let’s Practice Phosphoric acid Hydroiodic acid Carbonous acid Perchloric acid H3PO4 HI H2CO2 HClO4 Example: Write the formula for the following acids

  32. Bases

  33. -1 O H Bases – Arrhenius Definition • Bases produce the hydroxide ion in water Hydroxide Ion

  34. Naming & Writing Bases

  35. Naming Bases • Most bases are just ionic compounds with “hydroxide” as their anion • The most common exception to this is ammonia • NH3 (ammonia) is a base even though it doesn’t contain “-OH” as the anion

  36. Example #7 NaOH

  37. Example #7 Sodium NaOH Sodium Hydroxide Hydroxide

  38. Let’s Practice Ca(OH)2 KOH Sr(OH)2 Copper (II) hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Example: Write the formula or name for each

  39. Let’s Practice Ca(OH)2 KOH Sr(OH)2 Copper (II) hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide Strontium hydroxide Cu(OH)2 Mg(OH)2 Example: Write the formula or name for each

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