1 / 14

Geography/Planning 379: “Urban Growth & Development” Lecture 6: Social Area Analysis

Geography/Planning 379: “Urban Growth & Development” Lecture 6: Social Area Analysis. Introduction to Urban Ecology Patterns by Socioeconomic Status Patterns by Family Status Patterns by Ethnic Status “Demographics” READING Required: Textbook, Ch 8, pp. 175-182; 185-203

morty
Download Presentation

Geography/Planning 379: “Urban Growth & Development” Lecture 6: Social Area Analysis

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Geography/Planning 379: “Urban Growth & Development”Lecture 6: Social Area Analysis • Introduction to Urban Ecology • Patterns by Socioeconomic Status • Patterns by Family Status • Patterns by Ethnic Status • “Demographics” READING Required: Textbook, Ch 8, pp. 175-182; 185-203 Project 1 DUE: TUESDAY, February 12 “A general State education is a mere contrivance for molding people to be exactly like one another.” --John Stuart Mill, On Liberty “Soap and Education are not as sudden as a massacre, but they are more deadly in the long run.” --Mark Twain

  2. 1. Introduction to Urban Ecology • Basic theory of social patterning of cities borrows ideas from plant ecology • “Social Ecology” – University of Chicago School of Sociology (Park and Burgess) • After WWII, ideas picked up by Shevky, Williams, and Bell at Stanford who formulated theory called: Social Area Analysis

  3. Social Area Analysis • Method for identifying areas occupied by homogeneous groups of people • 3 Underlying Dimensions of these patterns – or what the Social Area Analysts called Constructs • Socioeconomic Status (Social Rank) • Family Status (Stage in Lifecycle, Urbanization) • Ethnic Status (Segregation)

  4. Patterns by Socioeconomic Status • SES relates to three main things according to sociologists: • Income How is income distributed in the US? Mode Mode, Median & Mean Pct of Pop at this incomelevel Pct of Pop at this income level Median Mean Income level ($) Income level ($)

  5. Patterns by Socioeconomic Status • Income • Occupation / Education Some jobs more prestigious than others… and prestige may not totally correspond with wages or salaries paid • Ancestry / Pedigree Class and caste systems

  6. Patterns by Socioeconomic Status • What Census variables can be used to measure SES? • Income (median better than average; or % of population above certain level; percent below poverty line) • Occupation(% Professional / Managerial / Higher status) • Education(Average years of schooling; Percent High School Grads; Percent College Grads) • Value of Housing (Median value of owner-occupied housing; median contract rent) • Size of Housing (Rooms per person; square footage per person)

  7. Patterns by Socioeconomic Status • Statistical procedure called Factor Analysis used with such variables produces SES index • If you map the “factor scores” you get a sector pattern! What variable did Homer Hoyt base his model on?

  8. Patterns by Family Status • This one sometimes called Stage in Life-Cycle • It represents the fact that most moves people make within metro areas depend on the stage of life the household is going through • If you map the “factor scores” for the family status index you get a concentric zonepattern!

  9. Patterns by Family Status • What Census variables can be used to measure Family Status? • Size of Household (average persons per household: PPH; percent single, etc.) • Age (Median age; pct. Pop > 65; <15 etc.) • Marital Status (Pct. never married) • Type of Housing (Pct. Single-family detached; pct pop. living in apartments etc.)

  10. Patterns by Family Status: The “Mobility Schedule” Peak Mobility – Young Adults Pct of People Who Move at This Age Cumulative Inertia Parental Shift Retirement Bulge Elderly Return 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Age

  11. Stages of the life course and intraurban moves Stage Approx. Age • Infancy 0-1 • Early Childhood 1-3 • Play Age 3-6 • School Age 6-12 • Adolescence 13-21 a. Early 13-16 b. Late 17-21 • Young Adulthood 21-30 • Adulthood 30-50 • Late Adulthood 50-65 • Old Age 65+ 2, 3, 4, 5a 1, (2) 5b, 6 8, 9 7, (8)

  12. Patterns by Ethnic Status • Originally termed the segregation construct • Both ethnicity and race tend to result in concentrated neighborhoods where one group predominates • Similar to a Multiple Nuclei pattern • May be a business district within a residential section: e.g., China Towns, South Tucson • Ethnic areas provide support systems for new immigrants

  13. Demographics • Concepts of Social Area Analysis and Factorial Ecology now widely used in the business world • In 1960s new word came into the English language:Demographics • Market segmentation and target marketing • Zip codes are the functional geographic areas used for such work, though census tract level often used to obtain population data • Example: Claritas Corp PRIZM system of “Life Style Clusters” Explore: http://www.claritas.com/MyBestSegments/Default.jsp

  14. Pop QUIZ Name___________ Which of the three classic urban land use models best describes the patterns of Family Status (or Stage of Life Cycle) found in American urban areas? A. Concentric ZoneB. Sector C. Multiple Nuclei

More Related