Personal Health

1. Personal Health Chapter 7

2. video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tmMGwO4N0Vc&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

3. Lesson 1Healthy skin, Hair and nails • Function of the Skin: • It is the bodies single largest organ • First line of defense from infectious diseases • Cushion internal tissues and organs

4. Healthy Skin • Sweat Glands- structures within the skin that secrete perspiration through ducts to pores on the skin’s surface • Should wash face with soap and water every morning • Eat a well balanced diet • Vitamin A helps promote health skin • Milk, egg yolk, liver, green leafy and yellow vegetables

5. Skin and the sun • Ultraviolet Rays (UV) are light rays from the sun • Two types: Short rays- most intense during the middle of the day Long rays- Most intense in the morning and late afternoon • Up to 80 percent can penetrate haze, light clouds or fog • They can also be reflected of the ground, sand, water and snow • Do not judge sunburn by how red you are, takes 2 to 8 hours for it to show

6. Body Piercing and Tattooing • Special Concern for the risk of hepatitis or HIV from dirty needles • Hepatitis- swelling and inflammation of the liver. It is not a condition, but is often used to refer to a viral infection of the liver. • HIV- (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) damages your immune system, HIV interferes with your body's ability to fight the organisms that cause disease.

7. Skin Problems • Acne- clogging of the pores of the skin • Can affect some adults as well • Sebaceous Glands- Structures within in the skin that produce an oily secretion called sebum. • Keeping the skin clean is the most important treatment for acne and should be washed twice daily • Picking at or squeezing pimples can spread the infection and cause scarring

8. Your Hair • You have 100,000 to 200,000 hairs on your head alone • Follicles – tiny pits in the skin • Brushing your hair can keep dirt from building up and should was hair regularly • Dandruff- a condition in which the outer layer of dead skin cells is shed from the scalp. • Head Lice- small, wingless insects that live on and suck blood from the scalp. • Make the scalp itchy and can cause infection • Can be spread from person to person

9. Your Nails • Dead Cells that grow from outer layer of your skin • Want to keep you nails evenly trimmed but don’t cut them to low because that increases the chance for skin infection and ingrown nails

10. Lesson 2Healthy Teeth and mouth • Your Teeth • The single most noticeable contributor to the appearance of your mouth and face. • Form the shape and structure of your mouth

11. Parts of the tooth • Periodontium - Area immediately around the teeth • Made up of the gums, periodontal ligament, and the jawbone • These structures support the teeth • Pulp – the living tissue inside the tooth • Three major parts make up the tooth: • The root • The neck • The crown

12. Healthy Teeth and Mouth • Plaque – a sticky, colorless film that acts on sugar to form acids that destroy tooth enamel and irritate gums • Flossing removes the plaque • Besides brushing and flossing, regular visits to the dentist are the next most important • Try to cut down on sugary food consumption • Foods rich in phosphorus and Vitamins C and D can strengthen teeth and gums

13. Periodontal Disease • Periodontal Disease- an inflammation of the periodontal structures • Almost entirely preventable • It is primarily the result of destructive action of bacteria in the mouth • The bacteria form plaque and unless removed once every 24 to 36 hours, it can harden into Tartar • Tartar- a hard, crust like substance • It will lead to tooth decay as the plaque eats into the enamel • The tooth will become more sensitive as the decay reaches the pulp and exposes the nerve • Infection can spread if the tooth is not treated

14. Other problems of the teeth and mouth • Halitosis- medical term for bad breath • Gingivitis- Disorder in which the gums become red and swollen and bleed easy • If gingivitis goes untreated it can lead to periodontitis • Periodontitis- results in swollen, tender or bleeding gums. Bone surrounding the teeth is gradually destroyed, causing teeth to become loose and possibly fall out • Malocclusion- Condition in which the teeth of the upper and lower teeth do not align properly. It can lead to decay and disease

15. Lesson 3Healthy eyes • More than 80 percent of the information you receive about the environment around you comes by way of your eyes. • Your eyes have more than a million electrical connections and can distinguish nearly 8 million differences in color. • Lacrimal Gland- the gland responsible for producing tears • Tears are made mostly of water and a small amount of salt and mucus

16. Parts of the eye • The eye is made up of two parts: • Optic Nerve • Eyeball Wall • Sclera- The tough, white outer coat of the eye • Choroid- The middle layer of the eyeball wall • Retina- The light-sensitive membrane on which images are cast by the cornea and lens

17. Vision • Vision starts at the retina • Light rays pass through the cornea and then are directed through the pupil • The lens will bulge for things that are near and flatten for things that are distant • Rods and Cones change the visual information into nerve impulses • Then these impulses pass through the optic nerve to the brain

18. Healthy Eyes • Sensible eye care begins with regular check ups by trained eye care professionals • If corrective lenses have been prescribed for you, wear them • Take breaks from using your eyes, especially when working at a computer • Try to avoid rubbing your eyes • Avoid direct sun or bright light, or wear sunglasses • Wear protective goggles or glasses when engaging in activity or sport that could cause an eye injury

19. Eye problems • Even with regular eye care, problems of the eye can occur. • Can be divided into 2 types: • Vision problems • Diseases of the eye

20. Vision problems • Two most common problems are: • Nearsightedness – Condition in which light rays are focused in front of the retina rather than on it • Farsightedness – occurs when the light rays are focused behind the retina • Other problems: • Astigmatism

21. Diseases of the eye • Most serious diseases of the eye: • Cataracts- Clouding of the lens, which causes blurring or hazy vision. Only treatment is to surgically remove the lens and replace it with an artificially. • Glaucoma- condition in which pressure of the fluid in the eye is so high that it damages the optic nerve and may result in blindness • Detached Retina- the retina may become separated from the outer layers of the eye. Can happen by natural degeneration or from injury

22. Healthy ears • Parts of the ear:The ear extends deep into the skull and has 3 main parts • The Outer Ear • The Middle Ear • The Inner Ear

23. The outer ear • Know technically as the Auricle; this is the familiar fleshy, curved part attached to each side of the head • External Auditory Canal- Passageway about one inch long that leads to the eardrum • The canal is lined with fine hairs and tiny wax-producing glands that protect the ear by trapping dust

24. The Middle Ear • Ossicles- three small bones linked together that connect the eardrum with the inner ear • Malleus (hammer)- it is attached to the eardrum and is the largest of the three bones • Incus (Anvil)- connects to the malleus • Stapes (Stirrup)- stirrup-shaped and attaches to the inner ear

25. The inner ear • Labyrinth (inner ear)- consists of a maze of winding passages divided into 3 parts • Cochlea • Vestibule • Semicircular Canals

26. Balance • Semicircular canals in your ears provide much of the brain’s information about balance. • At each end of the canals is an organ called the crista. • It contains many tiny hairs bathed in fluid.

27. Healthy ears • Important to keep clean them regularly and protect them against weather, especially cold • Clean outer ears with cotton swabs, never push it into the ear. • Never put sharp objects into your ear • Avoid loud noises when possible, and make sure you wear protection

28. Problems of the ear • Deafness is a complete or partial inability to hear. • Total deafness is rare and is usually congenital or present from birth • All deafness is one of two types: • Conductive • Sensorineural

29. Conductive • Sound waves are not passed from the outer to the inner ear. • Can be caused by damage to the ear drums or earwax blocking the auditory canal • Middle ear infection may lead to rupture of the eardrum • Otosclerosis- Hereditary disorder in which an overgrowth of bone causes the ossicles to lose their ability to move

30. sensorineural • Sounds reach the inner ear are not sent to the brain. • Can be a result of damage to the cochlea, to the auditory nerve or part of the brain • Tinnitus- condition in which a ringing, buzzing, whistling , hissing or other noise is heard in the ear in the absence of external sound • About 50 million Americans have tinnitus • Overexposure to loud noise is the most common cause of tinnitus • Steps to protect your ear: • Lower volume of the source of the noise • Wear earplugs • Limit time exposed to loud noises