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Understanding Multigene Traits and Epigenetics in Inheritance

Learn about polygenic and epistasis inheritance, sex-influenced traits, and epigenetics' role in skin color determination. Discover how multiple genes contribute to traits and how environmental factors influence gene expression for up to 16 genes, influencing traits controlled by autosomes and sex hormones. Explore the passing down of epigenetic memories for 14 generations and the study on changes in phenotype without altering genotypes.

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Understanding Multigene Traits and Epigenetics in Inheritance

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  1. Types of Inheritances III Pp 237, 242-245

  2. Multigene Traits • More than one gene is responsible for a trait (phenotype)

  3. Epistasis

  4. Epistasis • One gene affects the outcome of the other gene Ex: Labrador Retriever's coats are controlled by two genes: E and B. - E gene: if pigment is present or absent - B gene: how much pigment is present

  5. Polygenic traits

  6. Polygenic traits • These traits are continuous and many genes are responsible for producing one trait • Actual number is unknown but it is hypothesized that up to 16 genes are responsible for eye color

  7. Environmental

  8. Environmental • Environment such as soil pH can influence the expression of a gene

  9. Sex-influenced trait • Similar to environmental influenced trait but think of the human body as an internal environment • Controlled by autosomes, but influenced by sex hormones • Specific hormones influence trait/genotype Ex: More testosterone = more baldness

  10. Scientists Have Observed Epigenetic Memories Being Passed Down For 14 Generations

  11. Epigenetics • The study of changes in an organism’s phenotype without a change in genotype • Environmental exposures can change the way your DNA works (without changing the DNA itself) and passed on to your offspring. • Changes have to occur in the gametes (not body cells)

  12. What type of inheritance determines skin color?

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