C6.3 – Roman Society and Culture

1. C6.3 – Roman Society and Culture

2. C6.3 – Roman Society and Culture Main Idea The Romans developed a complex society and pioneered cultural advances that, even today, affect life all over the world Objectives • What social and cultural factors influenced life in imperial Rome? • What achievements shaped Rome’s cultural legacy to the modern world?

3. I. Life in Imperial Rome

4. A. Life for the Rich and Poor The Pax Romana meant prosperity: wealthy owned city homes and villas, most were involved in politics

5. A. Life for the Rich and Poor Roman poor lived in crowded multi-storied apartment buildings; fire a constant threat

6. A. Life for the Rich and Poor Free food and public entertainment kept poor from rebelling “panem et circenses” Bread and Circuses

7. B. Public Entertainment Variety of entertainment: chariot races held in Circus Maximus, theater, acrobats, etc.

8. B. Public Entertainment Bloody spectacles in amphitheaters: wild animals and gladiator contests in Colosseum

9. B. Public Entertainment Public baths used for hygiene, relaxing, and socializing Roman bath, Bath England

10. C. Family, Education, and Religion Oldest male was head of family - the paterfamilias; simplicity, religious devotion, and obedience emphasized

11. C. Family, Education, and Religion Women had few rights. Adoption an important way to carry on family name

12. C. Family, Education, and Religion Education highly valued – taught by tutors or sent to exclusive schools

13. C. Family, Education, and Religion Romans adopted religion from Greeks, Egyptians, etc.; families worshipped penates Shrine to the Penates, patron deities of the household The Pantheon

14. The Pantheon Built by the Emperor Hadrian between 118 and 125 AD on the site of an building built by Marcus Agrippa during the reign of Augustus

15. "M[arcus] Agrippa L[ucii] f[ilius] co[n]s[ul] tertium fecit," "Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, made [this building] when consul for the third time."

18. C. Family, Education, and Religion Believed gods sent signs/warnings; nothing important undertaken without consulting augurs Roman augur foretells the future by observing the behavior of hens

19. II. Rome’s Cultural Legacy

20. A. Science and Engineering More interested in collecting/organizing information than original scientific research

21. A. Science and Engineering • Galen summarized all medical knowledge Galen, Physician Born: 130 AD, Turkey Died: 200 AD, Rome, Italy Full name: Aelius or Claudius Galenus, better known as Galen of Pergamon Prominent Greek physician, surgeon and philosopher

22. A. Science and Engineering • Ptolemy synthesized astronomical knowledge into single theory Claudius Ptolemy Born: c. AD 90 in Egypt, Roman Empire Died: c. AD 168 (aged 77–78) in Alexandria, Egypt Occupation: Mathematician, Geographer, Astronomer, Astrologer

23. A. Science and Engineering • Pliny the Elder wrote about Mount Vesuvius Mount Vesuvius, AD 79

24. Pompeii's victims were preserved by the falling volcanic ash Pyroclastic flow boiled the brains and vaporized the flesh of Herculaneum's inhabitants

25. A. Science and Engineering Applied knowledge to city planning, building water/sewage systems, roads, aqueducts, etc.; invented concrete Roman sewer Roman aqueduct

26. B. Architecture, Language, Law Important advances – the round arch and the vault allowed construction of larger buildings Interior of the Pantheon

27. B. Architecture, Language, Law Romance languages developed from Latin

28. B. Architecture, Language, Law Roman civil law was based on a written code of law Corpus Iuris Civilis the body of civil law c1647. The system of Roman juris purdence compiled and codified under the direction of the emperor Justinian in AD 528-534