Jainism: The Super Science - Secrets and Scientific Contributions

1. JAINISM : A SUPER SCIENCE SCIENTIFIC SECRETS OF JAIN RELIGION DR. SUDHIR V. SHAH M.D.,D.M. (NEUROLOGY) • Consultant Neurologist - Ahmedabad, INDIA • Director of Neurosciences – Sterling Hospital • Prof. and head, Department of Neurology - VSGH • I.P. Chairman, National Jain Doctors’ Federation, INDIA • International Coordinator, NJDF July 2007 New Jersey, USA

2. JAIN RELIGION : A SUPERSCIENCE

3. The contribution of Jain religion • Lord Mahavir (omniscient tirthankar parmatma) out of compassion, applied the Gyana for spiritual uplift and liberation of the soul. In addition, this path also leads to physical well being, mental peace, emotional control and total health of an individual undoubtedly. • Also if practiced universally, Jain religion can bring universal peace, ecological balance and welfare of the universe : Global Religion • What he preached, has turned out to be permanent and absolute truth – the super science. He was the great scientist earth has ever seen. • His preachings and his vision were beyond Raga, Dwesha and Moha, so there is no reason to disbelieve, all that he said - Aptapurush

4. Jain Philosophy • One of the Oldest : References are also in holy vedas. Tripitak has acknowledged Chaturyama dharma and mentioned about lord Mahavir • Great personalities and genius people were existing in India between 500 BC to 300 AD. We have lost great opportunities, to change the history and future of mankind.

5. Jain Philosophy • A complete philosophy • Complete knowledge • Way of life & ethics • Perfect way of liberation • Ecology • Classic karmic theory • Anekant and Syadvada : principle of relativity and other viewpoints • Compatible with principles of modern science Physics, biology, psychology, physiology & medicine (Life Science) mathematics, astronomy and chemistry Indian - Foreign dignitaries have written wonderful words of praise

6. Anushreni Gatihi • Bhedad Anuhu • Tadbhav – Avyayam Nityam • Upayogo Laxanam • Sagninah Samanska Is it a text book of science or a religion ? How old is it ?

7. My Attempt I have taken help from experts. And I need your help and input…

8. To open vision Thought process Human welfare Uplift of soul Spread of Jain Thought (No wish to convert) Incentive for reading Need for Research Animal welfare Global peace Respect for whole Indian Culture Purpose of my talk Everybody wants EVIDENCE Relevance and Context The issue is how scientific our school is, and not of total scientific proof “This talk is completely dedicated to reinstate our faith in our religion”

9. Science and Religion • Two sides of the same coin • Science looks outward and religion looks inward : but both are searching….. • Matter Vs. Soul : God • Experiment Vs. Experience • Languages are different, but there is no need for conflict. Both are complimentary – Samanvaya • Science without religion is blind, religion without science is lame. If science is the motion, religion is the direction • Look science with the eyes of religion and reversely True religion should be free of fear, temptation and wrong methods

10. Methodology Science Religion • Observations • Questions • Hypothesis (Thinking) • Experiments • Theory/quantifications or Principles • Prediction • Prove/Disprove/modify • THEORY: Applications • More Q’s… pyramid builds up ..unending pursuit….TOE • Observations • Questions • Spiritual Practices • Meditation • Enlightenment • Principles • Path • Practice • Moksha/ Nirvan: The goal is achieved

11. Problem in decoding verses Words have changed meaning Translator’s or scriptwriter’s errors, language, memory, time Missing of Texts. Poor understanding by science. Knowledge-evidence based- is evolving. e.g. Plant kingdom. • I am proud of science : Limitation : Laboratory based : Iceberg • Science – knowledge is still evolving e.g. plants • It changes every time with change in evidence • Our senses have limitations. Also dimension theory • Several parallel worlds • Religion has absolute truth : Shashwat : Faith bound The Problems in understanding Texts

12. Sections • Basic Sciences • Science behind Jain tenets and practices (Meditation .. etc) • Ahaarvigyan (Food Philosophy) • Medical Sciences (Life Sciences) • Allied Sciences

13. Let us begin the panoramic tour : Lord Mahavir & Scientists

14. Basic Sciences

15. Tatwarthadhigam Sutra The 1st ever written complete text book of science…… (also in samaysaar, niyamsaar and pravachansaar) • Samyag Darshan Gyan Charitrani Mokshamargah: -Purpose & essence of Tatwarthadhigam sutra is Moksha through ratnatraya -To achieve moksha, one must know the dravya, tatva & the causation of karmabandh. Then to understand the way of liberation. Hence, we have to study physics, biology, astronomy, types of knowledge,characteristics of soul,matter, time and space, stages of evolution of soul. • As if Science and Religion is one and inseparable

16. Tatvarthsutra1st complete book of science of mankind • Categories of Truth • Nature of the soul • The lower & middle regions (Astronomy) • The Gods (Devas) • Substances (Dravya) • Inflow of Karma (Ashrava) • The vows • The Karmic Bondage • Inhibiting & wearing off Karma (Samvar, Nirjara) • Liberation (Moksha)

17. Section I :Basic SciencesPHYSICS Atoms

18. Atomic Science Atom- indivisible unit. • Tatwarth Sutra : P.P.Umaswatiji : 1st Century • - Matter has two varieties : 5/25 Anavah skandhas cha • atoms & clusters. • Samghata-bhedebhya- -Clusters are produced by5/26 • utpadyante fission, fusion or both. • Bhedad anuh - Atom is the final product 5/27 • of fission-disintegration.

19. Atomic Science • Bheda-samghatabhyam caksusah-5/28 • The visibility of clusters is produced by the • combination of disintegration & reintegration. • Utpada-vyaya-dhrauvyayuktam sat - 5/29 • Origin, cessation & persistence constitute existence. • Tadbhavavyayam nityam - 5/30 • What remains as it is : eternal : Universal

20. Atomic Science • Snigdha-ruksatvad bandhah – Atomic 5/32 integration is due to their positive & negative charge ( tactile qualities of viscosity & dryness )

21. Atomic Science • Na jaghanyagunanam - There cannot be integration of atoms (and clusters) that possess the minimum one degree of difference (viscosity or dryness) 5/33 • Gunasamye sadrasanam - Atoms with similar • (same degree of) charges cannot integrate. 5/34

22. Subatomic Particles • Description of subatomic particles is mind-boggling. 4 different types of qualities of atoms have been described ( Sheet-snigdha, Sheet-ruksha, Ushna-snigdha, Ushna-ruksha) • Two types of matter (a) with charge (b) without charge (Photon, Graviton, Gluon) • Dravya naya: Total Quantity of Atoms is Constant Paryaya naya : Changeable • Divisions & Subdivisions of Atoms are Plenty Small & Big, Cause & Effect Atoms , Dravya & Bhava Atoms, Atoms carrying Touch,Smell,Vision etc. Qualities.

23. Atomic Science Here, formation of matter, concept of universal matter, atomic fusion, integration & disintegration of matter,constancy & transformability of objects - all high principles of atomic science-physics are discussed. The concepts of subatomic particles are even mind boggling. Aren’t you Surprised ? KEWALGYANA

24. Ajivakaya dharmadharma kasa pudgalah: 5/1 Dravyani jivas cha: 5/2kalaschetyeke : 5/38 Media of dharma (motion) & adharma (inertia-rest), space, matter and souls are Dravyas (substances). Time is also a substance according to some preachers. Applied Physics

25. Adharmastikaya • All that we see in universe is 4% matter 1% dark matter 75% dark energy – is it Adharmastikaya or is it supporting the inertia as against Dharmastikaya which supports motion

26. Applied Physics • Vartana parinamah kriya paratva - paratve cha kalasya :5/22 The functions of time are : • Becoming ( Inspiring ), change, motion & sequence. Research area • Time in physics : several, but not related (six) Absolute time, astronomical time, change etc.

27. Applied Physics • Sarira-van-manah-prana-panah pudgalanam : 5/19 • * Matter functions as the material cause • of body, speech, mind & breath. • Sukha-dukha-jivita-maranopagrahas cha : 5/20 • * The production of pleasure, pain, life • & death is also due to matter (chemical properties). • Research area

28. Thought • SPECT studies : Mana, vachana, kaya, Pudgala.

29. Psychology Mati : Smruti : Sangya chintaabhinibodh ityanarthantaram • Mati (knowledge about existing thing), memory, recall, thinking process and conclusion is matigyana. And this is the function of senses and mind. • Thoughtfulness & perception, discrimination between good & bad, useful & harmful are all functions of mind. • Mind has two aspects : 1) Physical 2) Psychic mind • Science does not know about Dravyamana & Bhavamana so far. However, if we take mind as interface between the consciousness and intellect, then we can explain.

30. Intellectuals have both minds. Only psychic mind doesn’t help in the thought process. • Sangninah samanaska : 2/25 • The higher developed the mind, the animal will be more intelligent. (Devas,Narakas,Garbhaj (womb) human & Garbhaj animals have higher mind.) • Concept of psychotherapy and psychic treatment.

31. Biology • Classification of living beings • Ekendriya, Beyindriya …. Panchendriya • Tras, sthaavar • Concept of Pratyek and Sadharan • Nigod • Sammurchhim jiva

32. Plant Kingdom They have leshya, kashaya, instincts and feelings (perceptions). • Leshya : Colourful plants : Nilleshya thorns, bad smells : Kapot (2) Kashaya : Carrots, potato : Lobha : accumulation Coloured plants : Maya Eating food can change our thought process (3) Instincts : Ahaar, fear, accumulation and reproduction. (4) Samvedana (feelings) : Dr.Jagdishchandra Bose : Pain : Shame – Lajamani : Mr.T.N.Singh : Effect of music on plants : Dr.Bexter : Trees keep watch even on spiders

33. Applied Biology • Upayogo lakshanam : 2/8 • Sentinence is the defining characteristic of the soul. Constant awareness, consciousness & application of knowledge is upayoga. Dravyasangraha • The one that survives, applies knowledge, does not disintegrate (does not die), is Karta and is equal to the proportion of body is called Jeeva. • Parasparopagraho Jivanam : 5/21 The function of the soul is to render services – usefulness - to one another. Each soul is entangled with all the rest in the universe. We are influenced by the rest (Non-violence).

34. MACH’s Principle • The inertial mass of a particle is a result of the “interaction” of mass of other bodies in the rest of the universe Extending it to life • Life: Life of even the smallest being is a result of “interaction” of life in the rest of the universe. “No one can survive by himself” That is if I destroy all life for this earth, I will automatically cease to exist. So when I destroy any life, I also destroy a part of myself. This immediately leads to the principle of non-violence

35. We are all entangled • Entanglement: EPR paradox Whatever happened to one particle would thus immediately affect the other particle, wherever in the universe it may be. Einstein called this "Spooky action at a distance."

36. Dharma Dharma has many meanings • True nature • The Path • Is there an absolute Dharma (Path) which the nature has shown us The answer is yes Live and Let Live Non Violence

37. Anushreni Gatihi : 2/27 Avigraha Jivasya : 2/28 The movement of souls (as well as matter) is in straight line (unless there is an external force.) The liberated soul moves straight.

38. Classification of substance (Dravya). Classification of matter. Classification of Jiva (Soul). • Unit of space (pradesh), unit of time (samaya) and unit of matter (anu) : are unique to Jainism.

39. Astronomy • Description of Earth : Bharat & Airawat. • Other lokas : Interpretation problems. • Life in earth,water,fire,air & plant : Mobile & immobile (Jagdishchandra). • Recent notes : air is having living beings & life.

40. The eternal truth of Tripadi. • Matter (and objects) have always dual virtue : eternity (dravya) & nonversatility (paryaya) both at the same time. Quantum physics and anekantvada • Matter has its own space.Space contains matter. If matter is zero, then space is zero.

41. Karmavada is the heart of Jain darshan & • Anekant-Syadvada is the brain of Jain darshan. • Karmavada has some relevance with genetic coding also. Also it explains principle of causality of physics. Karmic bonds are atomic, is a unique theory. Research area

42. Mathematics Science cannot progress without maths. Maths is above all sciences, as there is no provision for conflict or ambiguity. • Mahaviracharya 9th Century • Ganitsaar sangraha : 9 chapters • Algebra, Geometry and Arithmatics Square root, Cube root, Time, Interest, Fractions • Joytishpatal : Not available at present • Swayambhuv, Adinath, Devnandi, etc. • Fractions in Jain Literature : Suryapragnapti • Fractions in Tatvartha sutra (Ch.III – Bhashya)

43. Domains of Science and Jain Scriptures • Subjects common to science and Jain scriptures: Astronomy: Surya Pragyapti, Chandra Pragyapti, Geography (3rd chapter of Tattavartha Sutra: primitive, Nature of physical Universe (T.S.Chapter 5: jiva/Ajiva, Energy, forces etc) can be tested. • Subjects exclusive to Jain Darshan Atma, Karma, Moksha etc have not (yet) come under purview of science • Operative Principles: some may be common to spiritual and physical domains Jainism Non-violence, Anekantavad, Saptabhangi, Dharma, Karma theory Krambaddha-Paryay Physics Quantum mechanics, Causality, Entanglement, Determinism, Mach’s Principle, Evolution Biology…… plant life, invisible forms

44. Common principles of science as embodied in Religion • Reality: Physical realities - can be taken to laboratory, as Science is evidence based. • Matter and Energy • Energy Fields (Action at a distance) • - Electricity, Magnetism and Light (EM Force) - Strong nuclear force - Weak Nuclear force (EM, weak force) - Gravitation force • Space and Time • Jain darshan dwells on realities. 1) Six Substances ( matter, time, space, motion / energy, inertia & jiva) 2) Nine elements.

45. Common principles of science as embodied in Religion 2)Pudgal :Purayati va Galayati va. - Matter changes forms, disintegrates & reintegrates. - But, the total mass remains constant. • Tadbhavavyayam nityam - 5/30 - What remains as it is : eternal : Universal

46. Common principles of science as embodied in Religion 3)Motion & Inertia : Dharmastikaya & Adharmastikaya. • They help motion or static property of Jiva & pudgala, just by their nature. That is their function.

47. Common principles of science as embodied in Religion 4)Quantum theory of Max Planck : • Energy is radiated in quanta. • Disintegration and reintegration is the nature of matter. • Thus objects can disintegrate but can reintegrate elsewhere. Max Planck

48. Common principles of science as embodied in Religion 5)Syadvad – Relativity Anekantvad - multifacedness • Jain syadvad is a conceptual thinking. It applies not only to matter which is visible, but everywhere. It is so perfectly designed-it can never be challenged. It accounts the other view points and different references. - Vyavhar satya - Nischaya satya. • It also explains the relativity principle of matter, but is more philosophical. If understood & applied, worldly quarrels will stop forever.

49. Laws of Physics • Laws governing Macro world and micro-world are different: Classical (Whole= sum of the parts) Quantum (dual behavior of electron or photon) • Some states in quantum world are indescribable What is called avyakta. Seven such states are possible: May be yes, May be No, May be both, may be indescribable, may be yes and indescribable, May be No and indescribable, May be both and indescribable (Saptabhangi) • As we go to the world of finer and finer (sukshma--------) particles, new properties (or attributes) come into play ( In science they are termed as quantum numbers or states) and all do not exist at once. Many of them could be contradictory properties. This is the basic nature of certain things (multifacedness = Anekantavad) . Thus I have argued that anekantavad is a physical reality

50. Common principles of science as embodied in Religion 6)Telepathy + : ManahparyavGyan / ShrutGyan 7)Television, Radio, Telefax: AvadhiGyan (space & time) 8)Teleporting & Recent experiments : Aharak sharir.