Dependent populations: What: Youthful dependents: The Gambia

1. Dependent populations:What: Youthful dependents: The Gambia A country with population growth Why: To understand how population projections can help us manage future issues How: To interpret Gambia’s population today and understand how it will show future growth To understand the issues with a growing/ youthful population To understand what can be done to manage a growing population

2. A population pyramid for a LEDC

3. Youthful Population Structure(Population Pyramids) Seen as a wide base on population pyramids that reflect high birth rates in LEDCs.

4. Key term: Dependency ratio: A measure showing the number of dependents (aged 0-14 and over the age of 65) to the total population (aged 15-64).

7. Population in Gambia • http://populationpyramid.net/gambia/2075/ Country with a lower level of economic development -  Gambia i. Choose Gambia and the year 1950. Note the total population in 1950.  ii. What is the population of Gambia now? iii. Approximately, how many times more is the population than in 1950? iv. Describe the structure of the pyramid for Gambia this year and include a screen shot under your explanation.  v. What are the key population issues facing Gambia today?  vi. How is the population structure of Gambia going to change by the year 2050?  vii. Is Gambia becoming a country with a youthful or ageing population? Explain your answer. 

8. Dependency ratio: • Calculated by:

9. Youthful Populations: Where/Why? • High proportion of young people due to high birth rates and a reduction in infant mortality. This is due to better nutrition, education and medical care. • This may create problems since the children need feeding, housing, education and eventually a job. • Medical care and education has to be paid for by taxing a proportionally small number of workers.

11. Youthful Population Structure (DTM) • Stage 2: • This is where the birth rates are high but the death rates begin to fall. • This results in the population increasing. • Lots of countries in the developing world are at this stage, due to improved medical care, but poor education.

12. The Gambia The Gambia is the smallest African country 95% of Gambia’s population are Muslim. There has been a taboo on contraceptives The birth rate is 40 per 1000 population

14. A Typical Gambian Woman Fertility rate: 7

15. Other Factors that may lead to a growing population in The Gambia The Desire for a large family remains strong. Larger families are seen as a sign of security. The Stigma and cost of contraception- links to religious background.

16. Case study notes from DVD: The Gambia • Youthful populations: Case study Gambia • Why is there a rapid growth rate in the Gambia? • What will be the impacts of a large population for Gambia in the future? • What has been done abut the youthful population?

17. Is a youthful population good or bad? Large potential workforce Cost of schools and clinics Need to provide food, housing and water to growing population High rates of unemployment Attractive to new investors Source of innovation and ideas Large numbers living in slum housing High crime rates High rate of population growth Large market for potential goods Development of services such as schools Political instability due to unsatisfactory living standards Many countries lack economy to take advantage of extra workers

18. Example of innovations from a youthful population https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=110&v=Jci-_Vu5UYY Why and how have young Africans developed mobile phone technology?

19. Example of 7 mark question from 2017 paper

21. 6 mark case study question This means that SPAG will be considered Both positive and negative needed (not necessarily equally) You need to say why it is a positive or negative Always use case study detail in a 6 mark question (even if it is not asked for)

22. Mark scheme