Understanding Cellular Respiration: ATP Production & Energy Release

1. Cellular Respiration (New left hand side) ATP

2. Goal • Equation of Cell. Resp. • How Cellular resp. relates to photosynthesis. • Difference between Aerobic & Anaerobic Resp.

3. Photosynthesis occurs in the ChloroplastCellular Respiration occurs in the Mitochondria

4. BOTHPlants & animals use cellular respiration

5. fuel(carbohydrates) CO2 + H2O + heat ATP O2 O2 food(carbohydrates) Cellular Respiration A process done in mitochondria of cells, in which organisms break down glucose (food) to create ATP (energy) You burn fuel in many small steps ATP + CO2 + H2O (+ heat)

6. The purpose of Cellular Respiration is to create ATP! ATP Whoa!HOT stuff!

7. Two Types of Cellular Respiration • Aerobic Respiration • O2 available • Anaerobic Respiration • O2 not available Both Start with a 6 Carbon Ring (Glucose) Whoa!HOT stuff!

8. Mitochondria

9. ATP food O2 Aerobic Respiration • Glycolysis –Occurs in cytoplasm of cell • “cuts” glucose into 2 pyruvate • Creates 2 ATP & NADH • Kreb Cycle • Pyruvate enters mitochondria’s matrix • Purpose is to create Hydrogen (energy) carrying vehicles;NADH and FADH2 • And creates 2 ATP, and CO2 CO2 ATP NADH ATP NADH NADH FADH2 FADH2 NADH ATP CO2 ATP

10. ATP food O2 Aerobic Respiration • Electron Transport Chain • Occurs in cristae (folds) • Oxygen diffuses into mitochondria and • pulls Hydrogenoff of NADH, FADH2 which physically turns an ATP protein pump • Creating 32-34 ATP and Water (H2O)

12. ATP food ATP + 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 O2 AerobicRespiration Equation

13. ATP Yeast  food Lactic Acid + glucose alcohol 2ATP 2ATP + 6CO2 +  glucose O2 • Anerobic Cellular Respiration • Is Also Called Fermentation • Oxygen NOT available • Prokaryotic cells (do not have mitochondria) Bacteria / Animals 2C3H6O3

14. O2 Listen! Yeast = alcohol fermentation • make beer, wine, bread Bacteria/Animals= lactic acid fermentation • Bacteria (eat milk) make yogurt • animals feel muscle fatigue Tastes good…but not enoughenergy for me!

15. ATP food O2 2 Steps of AnaerobicRespiration • Glycolysis • Occurs in cytoplasm of cell • creates 2 ATP, 2 pyruvate • Fermentation • Also occurs in cytoplasm • Pyruvate gets broken down into alcohol (yeast) OR Lactic Acid (animal/Bact.) • CO2 is released

16. Mitochondria

17. Cellular Respiration (pg. 62)Critical Questions:1.How Do Reactants/products of photosynthesis relate to the reactants/products of Cell Resp.?2. What’s the difference between Aerobic & Anaerobic Resp.? ATP

18. Cellular RespirationCritical Questions:1. What are the reactants and products of Cellular Respiration?2. How Do they relate to the reactants and products of Photosynthesis? ATP

19. ATP + 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 light energy  6CO2 + 6H2O + + 6O2 C6H12O6

20. Answer:

21. Critical Questions:1. What are the reactants and products of Cellular Respiration?2. How Do they relate to the reactants and products of Photosynthesis?

22. Mitochondria • Mitochondria is composed of inner and outer membranes. The inner membrane is folded in forming cristae. The matrix, a gel like fluid, fills the inner membrane. Locations of Aerobic Cellular Respiration: • Glycolysis – cytoplasm of cell • Kreb’s cycle – matrix of mitochondria • ETC – inner membrane wall of mitochondria Locations of Anaerobic Cellular Respiration: • Glycolysis – cytoplasm of cell • Fermentation – cytoplasm of cell

23. Overall Process’ Goal is to make ATP Digestion! (biomolecules transported into blood stream and into surrounded tissue cells) Cellular Respiration Steps: 3 stages • Glycolysis (2 phases) in cytoplasm • Energy investment phase – 2 ATP • Splits 6 carbon molecules into two 3 carbon molecules • Energy harvesting phase Glycolysis creates – 2 ATP Molecules 2 Pyruvate & 2 NADH pyruvate NADH

24. When Oxygen is Present The molecules enter the mitochondria Cellular Respiration Begins (Aerobic) 2. Kreb Cycle (inner mitochondria membrane) 3. Electron Transport Chain In/out of inner folds of the mitochondria NADH ATP NADH ATP ATP NADH NADH FADH2 FADH2 ATP NADH NADH NADH NADH 32-34 ATP Depending on your efficiency ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP

25. 1 ATP mitochondrion matrix (area enclosed by inner membrane) and 6CO 2 energy 2 Electron Transport 3 energy from glycolysis ATP inner membrane and and 6H O 6O 2 2 4 • 3 Stages: • Glycolysis • Kreb Cycle • Electron Transport Chain

26. Fat produces 80 percent of the energy in your body • about 146 ATP (energy molecules) from a triglyceride • Different energy outputs for different Biomolecules • Proteins are least likely to be broken down to make ATP. • amino acids not usually needed for energy • about the same amount of energy as a carbohydrate

27. A few types of organisms do not need sunlight and photosynthesis as a source of energy. • Some organisms live in places that never get sunlight. • In chemosynthesis, chemical energy is used to build carbon-based molecules. • similar to photosynthesis • uses chemical energy instead of light energy

28. O2 • Anaerobic respirationno oxygen or NO mitochondria • Also known as fermentation • Bacteria/Yeast use anaerobic • No mitochondria (prokaryotic) yeast bacteria

29. Used for -synthesis (building) -reproducing -active transport -movement -Temp. control (making heat)