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Understanding Living Things Classification: From Aristotle to Modern Taxonomy

Explore the evolution of organism classification, from Aristotle's early groupings to Linnaeus's binomial nomenclature. Learn about modern taxonomy methods and the 8 levels of classification, including prokaryotes, eukaryotes, animals, and plants.

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Understanding Living Things Classification: From Aristotle to Modern Taxonomy

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  1. Cell architecture I

  2. Classification of Living Things

  3. Why do we classify things? • Supermarket aisles • Libraries • Classes • Teams/sports • Members of a family • Roads • Cities • Money

  4. Classification of Living Things

  5. What is classification? • Classification: putting things into orderly groups based on similar characteristics • Taxonomy: the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms

  6. Early classification Aristotle grouped everything into simple groups such as animals or plants He then grouped animals according to if they had blood or didn’t have blood, and if they had live young or laid eggs, and so on…

  7. Binomial Nomenclature Developed by Carolus Linnaeus Swedish Biologist 1700’s Two-name system Genus and species named using Latin or Greek words

  8. Rules used to write scientific names • An organism’s genus is always written first; the organism’s species is always written second • The genus is Capitalized; the species is written in lower case • Scientific names of organisms are always italicized or underlined

  9. Modern Taxonomy • The Evidence used to classify into taxon groups •   1) Embryology •   2) Chromosomes / DNA •   3) Biochemistry •   4) Physiology •   5) Evolution •   6) Behavior

  10. The modern system of classification has 8 levels: Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

  11. Classification of organisms

  12. Classification of organisms

  13. Prokaryotes

  14. Eukaryotes

  15. Animals versus Plant Cells

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