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Organizing the Elements: Introduction to the Periodic Table

Learn about how chemists began to organize elements based on their properties, the development of Mendeleev's periodic table, and the classification of elements into groups and periods. Explore the properties of metals, nonmetals, metalloids, and learn about the odd element hydrogen. Review vocabulary terms related to the periodic table and complete an activity to label the groups and periods.

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Organizing the Elements: Introduction to the Periodic Table

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  1. Chapter 6 The Periodic Table

  2. Introduction Activity

  3. Label the GROUPS & PERIODS(on BOTH sides) Make Yourself a KEY!

  4. Pick a side to start on.

  5. Metals

  6. Transition Metals

  7. Metalloids

  8. Non Metals Hydrogen (the ODD 1) Make Yourself a KEY!

  9. Flip the Paper Over

  10. Representative Elements Make Yourself a KEY!

  11. Hydrogen

  12. Alkali Metals

  13. Alkaline-Earth Metals

  14. Boron Group

  15. Carbon Group

  16. Nitrogen Group

  17. Oxygen Group

  18. Halogens

  19. Noble Gases

  20. Lanthanides

  21. Actinides

  22. All Together! Make Yourself a KEY!

  23. Chapter 6 Vocabulary • Alkali metals • Alkaline earth metals • Anion • Atomic radius • Cation • Electronegativity • Halogens • Inner transition metal • Ion • Ionization energy • Metalloids • Metals • Noble gases • Nonmetals • Periodic law • Representative elements • Transition metal Define all of them for 3 EC points!

  24. And Again…

  25. Review from yesterday! Complete the chart: 10 6 Transition Metals Metal Pt Tin 14 Carbon Group Metal 5 Nitrogen Group Sb Metalloid Antimony Alkali Metals K 1 4 Metal Bromine Nonmetal Br Halogens

  26. Section 6.1 NotesOrganizing the Elements Read pages 155-160

  27. How did chemists begin to organize the known elements? Chemists used the properties of elements to sort them into GROUPS.

  28. 1700 • 13 elements were identified • Included: • Copper • Silver • Gold • Carbon

  29. 1765-1775 • 5 new elements were identified • Included: • Hydrogen • Nitrogen • Oxygen

  30. 1829 • J.W. Döbereiner (Johann Wolfgang) • German chemist • Grouped some elements into triads • Set of three elements with similar properties

  31. Cl, Br, I have very similar chemical properties. • Can you find them on the Periodic Table?

  32. 1869 • Dmitri Mendeleev • Russian chemist • Published the first table of elements • Arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass

  33. Mendeleev was amazing because he • left spaces in his table for elements not yet discovered • predicted properties for these undiscovered elements correctly

  34. Mendeleev’s 1st Periodic Table In this early version of Mendeleev’s periodic table, the rows contain elements with similar properties.

  35. What was wrong with Mendeleev’s Periodic Table? • Let’s look at your Periodic Table • What did Mendeleev’s Periodic Table go by? • Atomic Mass • Any discrepancies? • What does yours go by? • Atomic Number

  36. 1913 • Henry Moseley • British physicist • Determined the atomic number for elements • Arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic number • Today’s Periodic Table

  37. Today’s Periodic Table

  38. Periodic Law • when elements are arranged by increasing atomic number, properties of the elements tend to repeat

  39. Metals • to the left of the stair-step line • most of the elements (80%) • Properties • Good conductors of heat and electricity • Shiny (luster) • Solid at room temperature • Except liquid mercury • Ductile • Drawn into wires like copper wire • Malleable • Hammer into thin sheets like aluminum foil

  40. Metals

  41. Of all the elements that make up the world in which we live – solids, liquids, gases – most are metals. Ni Ca Sn Al Zn Au Cu There are metals such as aluminum, zinc, gold, copper, tin, and nickel – and ones you might not think of as metals, such as calcium, which is present in bones and teeth. Did you know that the average human body contains more than 2 lbs of calcium?

  42. Some metals are dangerous. K Rb Cs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uixxJtJPVXk Potassium reacts violently with water creating hydrogen gas. Cesium and rubidium will explode if they touch water.

  43. Mercury is poisonous. In fact, the phrase “mad as a hatter” arose because in past centuries, fumes from the mercury used in the hat making process affected the mental health of workers in that industry!

  44. Platinum, Pt, is one of the rarest and most valuable of all metals. It is used to make jewelry and used extensively in industry. • The high density of osmium, Os, – a metal in the same period as platinum – means that a brick of the metal can weigh as much as a small car. Osmium is used in fountain pen nibs and surgical needles.

  45. Can you find element names hidden in these sentences? • Nick, elbows off the table please! • Grandpa is looking older. • Your feet are a little stinky. • Do you care about the environment? • I placed a simple ad in the paper.

  46. Nonmetals • to the right of the stair-step line • most are gases, few solids • except liquid bromine • Properties: • poor conductors of heat and electricity • solids tend to be brittle

  47. Hydrogen (the ODD 1) Nonmetals

  48. Diatomic Elements BrINCl HOF LABEL THEM ON YOUR P.T.

  49. Metalloids • Touch the stair-step line • Except aluminum and polonium • Have properties of both metals and nonmetals Si

  50. Metalloids

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