Intro Questions Notes Read Chapter 6 Section 1 on pages 191-194 GRA 6-1

1. World History 1The Muslim Empire Islam (4.2.1) Identify and explain the origins and expansion of Islam and the creation of the Islamic Empire including the geographic extent of Muslim empires, the Sunn-Shi’ite schism, the scientific and technological achievements of Muslim society, and the role of the Caliphate as both a religious and political institution. • Intro Questions • Notes • Read Chapter 6 Section 1 on pages 191-194 • GRA 6-1

2. Intro Questions True or False 1______ Before Islam, most Arabs were polytheistic 2._____ Muhammad believed that Jesus and Moses revealed truths about Allah 3._____ Sheikhs were selected by tribesmen 4._____ According to Islam, Allah spoke to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel 5._____ Muhammad was a purely religious leader

3. Intro Questions True or False 1. True Before Islam, most Arabs were polytheistic 2. True Muhammad believed that Jesus and Moses revealed truths about Allah 3. False Sheikhs were selected by tribesmenby a council of elders 4. True According to Islam, Allah spoke to Muhammad through the angle Gabriel 5. False Muhammad was a purely religious and political leader

4. The Rise of Islam I. The Arabs A. Like the Hebrews and Assyrians the Arabs were a Semitic-speaking people that lived on the Arabian Peninsula, a desert land lacking in lakes rivers and nomads The Arabs were nomads who moved constantly to find food and water for themselves and their animals

5. B. Survival in this area of the world was difficult and the Arabs organized into tribes to help one another . Each tribe was ruled by a SHEIKH who was selected from one of the leading families or a council of elders

6. C. Early on the Arabs were polytheistic, believing in many gods. The Arabs trace their ancestors to Abraham who is believed to have built a house of worship in Mecca (Makkah) called the Kaaba

7. C. The domestication of the camel in 1000 BC led to the expansion of the Arabs throughout the region. The Arabs developed trade by using caravans and developed towns along the Silk Road

8. II. The Life of Muhammad • Muhammad was born in a merchant family in Makkah. He was orphaned early . He became a caravan manager and married his employer a rich widow , Khadija , • Although he was wealthy , successful , he became trouble by the growing gap in his society between Rich and Poor.

9. C. He went to mediate in the mountains. While there he believed the angel Gabriel revealed messages from God D. He came to believe that Allah ( God) had revealed himself to Moses and Jesus, but the final revelations where made to him

10. E. The Quran contains the revelations to Muhammad . The Quran contains the ethnical guidelines of Islam ( the faith ) to Muslims ( followers), 1. Islam means “ submission to the will of God” 2. Muslims means “ those that submit “

11. The city of Madinah ( Medina ) F. Muhammad set out to convince people that his revelations were true, but he had only 30 followers after 3 years . G. Fearing death, Muhammad and his followers went to the city of Madinah . This journey is called the Hijrahin 622 ( year 1 of the Muslim calendar)

12. The Tomb of Mohammad H. In 630, Muhammad returned to Makkah with ten thousand soldiers. The City surrendered and most converted to Islam I. Muhammad destroyed idols and declared the Kaaba , a sacred shrine of Islam J. Muhammad died in 632

13. III. The Teachings of Muhammad • Like Christianity and Judaism, Islam is monotheistic (believing in 1 god) • Allah is the all powerful being that created the universe and everything in it • Islam emphasizes salvation and offers the hope of an afterlife On the Saudi Arabian Flag it is says “ there is no God, but God and Muhammad is his prophet “

14. D. Muslims are instructed to follow the Five Pillars of Islam • Belief– That there is one God and Muhammad is his messenger • Prayer – Five times a day • Charity – Giving to the poor • Fasting – No food or drink during Ramadan • Pilgrimage – Make at least 1 trip to Mecca

15. E. Muslims developed a code known as SHARI’AH 1. A set of laws to regulate daily life a. Family b. Business c. Government d. Moral Conduct 2.Muslims may also not a. gamble b. eat pork c. drink alcohol d. Be dishonest 3.Shari’ah does not separate religious law from political law

16. World History 1The Muslim Empire Islam (4.2.1) Identify and explain the origins and expansion of Islam and the creation of the Islamic Empire including the geographic extent of Muslim empires, the Sunn-Shi’ite schism, the scientific and technological achievements of Muslim society, and the role of the Caliphate as both a religious and political institution. • Intro Questions • Notes • Check GRA 6-1 • Quiz on Chapter 6-1 on pages 191-194 • Read Chapter 6 Section 2 • GRA 6-2

17. Intro Questions True or False • ______ Muslims believe in many gods, the most powerful is Allah • ______ Muslims believe that salvation ( going to Heaven ) is possible • ______ One of the five Pillars of Islam is not eating Pork • _____ SHARI’AH is the leader of a Muslim Community • _____ Muslims believe that Jesus was a prophet

18. Intro Questions True or False • False Muslims believe in many gods, the most powerful is Allah only one God , Allah • True Muslims believe that salvation ( going to Heaven ) is possible • False One of the five Pillars of Islam is not eating Pork • False SHARI’AH is the leader of a Muslim Community is Islamic law • True Muslims believe that Jesus was a prophet, but not the Savior or the Christ

19. I. Creation of an Arab Empire A. Muhammad’s death left his followers with a problem of succession. He had no sons and his daughters could not led in male dominated society . Some of Muhammad's closest followers chose Abu Bakr, Muhammad’s father in law. He was named Caliph (successor too Muhammad)

20. B. Islam grew under Abu Bakr . To spread the movement Abu Bakr took part in Jihad ( struggle in the way of God) 1. by 650 Syria and the Persian empire were part of the Arab empire

21. C. The Arabs were fierce fighters led by brilliant Generals . Military courage was enhanced by the Belief that a warrior killed in battle was assured a place in paradise

22. D. The first two caliphs to rule after Abu Bakr’s death were assassinated. In 656 Muhammad’s son in law , Ali, became caliph. He was assassinated after 5 years

23. E. Arab Administrators were tolerant in their conquered territories . No one was forced to convert to Islam, but non Muslims had to pay a special tax and had to vow not to rebel against Muslim rule

24. The Rock of the dome built by the Umayyad Caliphate II. The Umayyads A. In 661, the General Mu’awiyah became Caliph. 1. He used forced only when necessary 2. He made the title of Caliph heredity 3. He moved the capital to Damascus, Syria

25. B. In the 8th Century , Arabs conquered and converted the Berbers of Northern Africa. • A combine Army of Arabs and Berbers attacked( in 710) and conquered ( in 725) Spain • In 732, the Muslims lost the Battle of Tours and failed to Conquer France • In 717, Muslims attacked Constantinople but their navy was defeated

26. C. Internal struggles threatened the Stability of the Empire. Revolts broke out, the most important was led by Hussein , second son of Ali. In 680, he battled Umayyad rule 1. He had 72 warriors against 10,000 Umayyad soldiers . He lost

27. D. This struggle caused a permanent split in Islam • Shiite - followers of the descendants of Ali • Sunni – followers of the Umayyad dynasty. • Most Muslims are Sunni, but Shiites are in large numbers in Iran and Iraq

28. III. The Abbasid Dynasty A. Because of Favoritism toward Arabs and Umayyad corruption , resentment against Umayyad rule grew. In 750,Abu al-Abbasoverthrew the Umayyad dynasty and founded the Abbasid dynasty which lasted until 1258

29. B. In 762, the Abbasids built a new capital at Baghdad on the Tigris River. This location took advantage of the river and caravan trade routes. The move gave the empire a new cultural outlook; • Judges, merchants and government officials were the heroes, ( not warriors) • All Muslims ( not just Arabs ) could hold military and political office

30. C. the reign of Harun al-Rashid was considered their golden Age. He was known for his charity and patronage of the arts. His son al-Ma’munsupported astronomical investigations and created a foundation for translating Greek works into Arabic 1.Baghdad became a center of a huge trading empire.

31. D. The Decline of the Abbasid dynasty began when Harun al-Rushid’stwo sons destroyed much of Baghdad in fight of succession. • Wealth led to corruption • Persians and Turks began to moved away from the Empire. • Spain established it own Caliphate • Egypt established a caliphate and set it capital in Cairo

32. Answers GRA 6-1 • What language did the Arabs speak and where did they ? Arabs were semitic speaking people in the Arabian peninsula • How were Arabian tribes rule and how were the rulers selected ?Each tribe was ruled by a shiekd who was chosen formone of the leading families by a council of elders • What accomplishment made it possible for the Arabs to begin to take part ion the caravan trade ? The Camel • What object became the principal object of worship among the Arabs? All tribes worshipped a black meteorite placed in the Kaaba in the city of Makkah • As Muhammad grew to manhood , what did he find troubling within his culture ? He becaem troubled by the Gap between the simple Bedouins and the greediness of the trading elites • What do Muslims believe was given to Muhammad while he mediated alone in the hills ? Muslims believe Muahmmad received revelations from God through the angel Gabriel

33. Answers to GRA 6-1 cont. 7. What written document resulted from Muhammad's revelations from Allah ? The Quran 8. Define Hijrah . The Hijrah was the journey of Muhammad and his followers to the city of Madinah 9. What are three similarities between Islam, Christianity and Judaism ? A. Monotheism ( one god), B. Salvation C. the necessity of submitting to the will of God 10. What is the difference between Islam and Christianity? Muslims do not believe that Jesus was the savior 11. Name the five Pillars of Islam. 1. Belief 2. Prayer 3. giving to the poor (alms ) 4. Fasting 5. hajj ( trip to Makkah )

34. World History 1The Muslim Empire Islam (4.2.1) Identify and explain the origins and expansion of Islam and the creation of the Islamic Empire including the geographic extent of Muslim empires, the Sunn-Shi’ite schism, the scientific and technological achievements of Muslim society, and the role of the Caliphate as both a religious and political institution. • Intro Questions • Notes • Check GRA 6-2 • Quiz Chapter 6 Section 2on pages 191-194 • Read Chapter 6 Section 3 on pages • GRA 6- 3

35. Intro Questions True or False • ___ from the 8th Century on, the three most important Muslim cities were Makkah, Medinah , and Tehran • ___ a Bazaar was a covered marketplace that a vital part of every Muslim city • ___ Most people of the Arab Empire were merchants and they largely lived in cities • ___ Slavery was forbidden by the Quran • ____ the Quran granted women spiritual equality with men

36. Intro Questions True or False • False from the 8th Century on, the three most important Muslim cities were Makkah, Medinah , and Tehran Cairo , Baghdad and Damascus • True a Bazaar was a covered marketplace that a vital part of every Muslim city • False Most people of the Arab Empire were merchants and they largely lived in cities Farmers and Herders • False Slavery was forbidden by the Quran Slavery was widespread in the Empire, but Muslims could not enslave other Muslims • True the Quran granted women spiritual equality with men , but women could not won or inherit property

37. I. Prosperity in the Islamic World A. The period of the Arab empire generally was prosperous Much of it was based on the extensive trade by ship and camel. Camel Caravans went from Morocco to countries beyond the Caspian Sea

38. B. Trade began to prosper around 750 under the Abbasid Dynasty . 1.Gold and Slaves came from south of the Sahara, 2. gold and ivory from East Africa , 3.India contributed sandalwood, spices, and textiles. 4.China contributed silk and porcelain . 5. Egypt provided grain 6. Iraq produced linens, dates and jewels,. Banking and coinage developed which made exchanges easier

39. C. Large magnificent cities came to prominence , Baghdad under the Abbasids and Cairo under the Fatimids. These and Damascus were administrative , Cultural and economic centers of the region, Islamic cities generally surpassed the cities of the ;largely rural Europe of the time . The Islamic city of Cordoba in Spain was Europe’s greatest city after Constantinople

40. D. Islamic cities had their own physical appearance . The palaces and mosques were the most impressive buildings . They had public buildings with fountains, public baths, and marketplaces ( bazaars ). The Bazaar ( covered market) was a vital part of every Muslim city or town. Inspectors guaranteed the quality of goods. Bazaar also had craftspeople and offered services such as laundries

41. E. Although the Arab Empire was urban for its time, most people farmed or herded. Early in the empire, free peasants owned most of the farmland. The wealthy landowners amassed large estates in certain areas of the empire. The free peasant farmers along the Nile farmed the way their ancestors had

42. II. Islamic Society • Muslims live their lives in accordance with Allah’s teachings as revealed in the Quran, which was completed in 635 • Islam claims that all people are equal in the eyes of Allah. Such was not always the case in the Arab Empire, however. For example, it had a well defined upper class of ruling families , wealthy merchants ad other elites

43. C. One group clearly not considered equal was slaves. Slavery was widespread in the Arab empire. Because Muslims could not be slaves, most of the slaves came from Africa or Asia. Many were captives of war. Slaves often served as soldiers. Many of these were eventually freed and some exercised power. Women slaves were often domestic servants. Islamic law said to treat slaves fairly, and setting slaves free was considered a good act

44. D. The Quran granted women spiritual and social equality with men and women could not own and inherit property. Nevertheless. Men dominated in the Arab Empire, Every women had a male guardian. Women were secluded at home and kept from social contacts with men outside their families

45. E. Parents or Guardians arranged marriages fore their children. Muslim men could have up to four wives. But most had fewer because of having to pay a dowry to the brides. Only the wealthy could afford multiple dowries . Although women had a right to divorce, in practice the right was extended only to men . Women covered much of their bodies when appearing in public , a custom that continues in many Islamic societies today. This custom however, owes more to traditional Arab practice than to the Quran

46. F. Despite these restrictions , the position of women in Islamic society was an improvement over earlier times when women had often been treated like slaves

47. Answers to GRA 6-2 False 1. Muhammad left clear instructions as to who would succeed him at death Muhammad had never named a successor and had no living sons True 2. Raiding one’s enemies was known in the Quran as the “struggle in the way of God “ or jihad False 3.the courage of the Arab soldiers was enhanced by the fact that they had superior weapons to most of their enemies Their courage was enhanced by the belief in salvation False 4. The General Mu’awiyah was known for one outstanding trait he used more force than necessary whether it was needed or not He was known for only using force when absolutely necessary True 5. Mu’awiyah moved the capital of the Arab empire from Madinah to Damascus False 6. Arab Expansion in Europe came to a halt because of Geographical barriers that stood in the way of advancing Arab armies Arab Expansion was halted at the Battle of Tours True 7. The Shiite Muslims accept only the Descendants of Ali as the True leader of Islam, while the Sunni Muslims claim the descendants of the Umayyads were the true caliphs True 8. in 1187 Saladin’s Army invaded the kingdom of Jerusalem and destroyed Christian forces there True 9. As a result of the Mongol Destruction of Baghdad , the new center of Islamic civilization became Cairo, Egypt

48. World History 1The Muslim Empire Islam (4.2.1) Identify and explain the origins and expansion of Islam and the creation of the Islamic Empire including the geographic extent of Muslim empires, the Sunn-Shi’ite schism, the scientific and technological achievements of Muslim society, and the role of the Caliphate as both a religious and political institution. • Intro Questions • Notes • Check GRA 6-3 • Quiz Chapter 6 Section 3 on pages 191-194 • Read Chapter 6 Section 4 on pages • GRA 6- 4

49. Intro Questions True or False 1_____ Arabs did not value the work of ancient Greeks, because they were not Muslims 2. ___ Arabic Numbers (example 1, 2, 3 ) were invented by the Arabs 3.____ Medical encyclopedias created by the Arabs were used in European Medical schools 4.____ Arabs consider the Rubaiyat to be it greatest Arab literary work 5.____ There are many images and paintings of Muhammad

50. Intro Questions True or False 1. False Arabs did not value the work of ancient Greeks, because they were not Muslims. Translated much of the ancient Greek writings into Arabic 2. False Arabic Numbers (example 1, 2, 3 ) were invented by the ArabsIndians 3. True Medical encyclopedias created by the Arabs were used in European Medical schools 4. False Arabs consider the Rubaiyatthe Quranto be it greatest Arab literary work 5. False There are many no images and paintings of Muhammad