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Volcanoes as Possible Indicators of Tectonic Stress Orientation – Principal and Proposal

This article explores the use of flank crater distribution to determine the average tectonic stress orientation, focusing on radial dikes. It discusses monogenetic and polygenetic volcanoes, as well as the tectonic settings and trends of radial dikes. The article introduces knowledge to be used in the future, highlighting the potential of flank craters in revealing stress orientation.

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Volcanoes as Possible Indicators of Tectonic Stress Orientation – Principal and Proposal

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  1. Volcanoes as Possible Indicators of Tectonic Stress Orientation – Principal and Proposal D. Dziekan

  2. Purpose • Concerned with radial dikes • Indicated by flank crater distribution • Use distribution for average tectonic stress orientation

  3. Monogenetic Volcanoes • One eruption • From vent or fissure, essentially dikes • Produces maars, scoria cones, lava domes, or shield volcanoes • Underground conduit formed anew with each eruption • Fissure shaped conduit, not pipe shaped

  4. Polygenetic Volcanoes • Repeated eruptions • All from same vent or vents • Form large volcanic edifices • Form pipe shaped conduit for magma

  5. Flank Volcanoes • Manifestation of underground dikes • Possible to depict regional stress • Conduits most likely fissure shaped • Most are monogenetic volcanoes

  6. Tectonic Setting • Data collected from several sources • Japan • Andes • Aleutians • Central America

  7. Tectonic Setting • Extensional setting • Maximum compressional stress vertical • Parallel

  8. Tectonic Setting • Contractional Setting • Maximum compressional stress horizontal • Typically high angle

  9. Trend of Radial Dikes • Other possible means to reveal trend • Bending of radial fissures • Elongation of main volcanic edifices • Many parallel normal faults within edifices

  10. Conclusion • Focused on principals • Introduced knowledge to be used in the future • Article contained a lot of ‘could’ and ‘possibly’ • Use flank craters to determine dike trends • Dike trends suggest stress orientation

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