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The thigh bone’s connected to the hip bone: SKELML and the development of KAMLs

Explore the evolving nature of basic science education from linear didactics to knowledge networks using SKELML and KAMLs. Learn about the integration of knowledge services in a ubiquitous environment. Join the educational and technical experiments shaping the future of medical education.

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The thigh bone’s connected to the hip bone: SKELML and the development of KAMLs

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  1. The thigh bone’s connected to the hip bone: SKELML and the development of KAMLs Rachel Ellaway and David ToppsNorthern Ontario School of Medicine

  2. Basic Science Education is Changing • From ‘know what’ to ‘know how’ • From linear didactics to matrix knowledgebases • From objects to connections - knowledge networks - nodes and vertices - both important • From specifics to abstractions - structure, pattern, models, metadata • From abstractions to specifics - instantiation, service, mashup, hybrids • The function of knowledge, its creation, acquisition and representation - all in flux • We need better understanding of this changing ecosystem

  3. The Environment is Changing • Ambient use of technology • Educational informatics underpinning it all • Monolithic ‘do-it-all’ systems still predominate but SOAs are growing: • Interoperability: ability of two or more systems to exchange data meaningfully • Integration: ability of two or more systems to exchange services meaningfully • Based on standards and specs - MedBiquitous, eFramework • Experiments in discrete knowledge services …

  4. Experiment: Knowledge Application Markup Languages (KAMLs) • Simple • Discrete topic area • Can represent: • Content • Geography • Properties • Dimensions • Weight • Tissue • Functions • Interactions • Dependencies

  5. SkelML <!xml> <skelml> <bones> <bone> <name>ulna</name> <notes>the word ulna is a derivation of the Greek word for elbow, parallel with the radius it is the longer of the two bones, </notes> <keywords>arm,forearm</keywords> <articulations> <articulation> <bone>radius</bone> <location1>lesser sigmoid cavity</location1> <location2>styloid process</location2> </articulation> <articulation> <bone>humerus</bone> <location1>greater sigmoid cavity</location1> </articulation> </articulations> </bone> </bones> </skelml>

  6. Issues • 3D properties difficult to model in XML without a 3D model - e.g. attachments, joints • Normal variations in human anatomy - cf normal values • Variations of pathology and abnormality • Age/developmental issues • Semantic or simply unique IDs • Whether to have a single common model for all systems or separate per system models

  7. Others • Nerves • Muscles • Organs • Body systems • Landmarks • Drugs • Pathologies - ICD-9 • Diagnostic models • Therapeutic models • Roles • Processes • Services

  8. Joining them together … • Multi-dimensional matrices • Tightly coupled: • cross referenced IDs - Xpath, Xquery, Xpointer • IDs must match across models • Loosely coupled: • cross referenced semantic matching • Descriptors must match (probabilistically) across models • Instantiation: • Service-Oriented Clinical Knowledgebases (SOCKs) with high levels of abstraction • Rich semantic searching • Edge services

  9. HSVO Edge Services • HSVO: NOSM, McGill, CRC, NRC, Stanford, IDEAL,IiL • CANARIE funding - NEP - UCLPs • Platform Services – IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) • CCaaS (Collaboration Control as a Service) • Edge devices and services: • Mannequin • Virtual patient • Physiome • GIS • Evidence • 3D models • Common query and exchange (?standards-based) • Using SkelML, NerveML, MuscML, OrganML …

  10. HSVO Use Cases Use Case 1: Simulated Human Aggregate Patient Environment Students working with a virtual patient, data moves to and from mannequins and physionomic models, query services against knowledge and evidence Use Case 2: Virtual Dissection Room Students working with a lightfield array, communicating and collaborating, overlaying 2D and 3D images and models, bookmarking and clipping for viewing and sharing

  11. HSVO Architecture

  12. Experiments Educational experiments: Completeness and representation Utility and efficacy Fluidity of knowledge access and manipulation Technical experiments: Designs, models and frameworks for SOCKs Repositioning knowledge services in a ubiquitous environment Middleware and service models

  13. KAMLs and SOCKs Simple, granular, single-subject Knowledgebase research Different levels and forms of integration Enabling other R&D Scholarship and engineering Watch this space …

  14. The thigh bone’s connected to the hip bone: SKELML and the development of KAMLs Rachel Ellaway and David ToppsNorthern Ontario School of Medicine

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