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Tribals,dikus and the vision of a golden age. module. 1 tribal groups 2 forest laws 3 trade. What problems did birsa set out to solve? Who were the outsiders? How did they enslave the people of this area ? What was happening to the forest people under the british ?
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module • 1 tribal groups • 2 forest laws • 3 trade
What problems did birsa set out to solve? • Who were the outsiders? • How did they enslave the people of this area ? • What was happening to the forest people under the british? • How did it change their lives? lets answer all these questiOns…………
How did the tribal groups live? • Jhum cultivation this type of cultivation is usually found in forests and hilly areas • Some were hunter’s and gatherer’s they hunted deer, pig etc and gathered for their survival • Some were herderer’s many tribal's lived by herding and grazing animals they are nomads
Problem of British with shifting cultivation? • They wanted shifting cultivators to settle down and become peasants • As people engaged in shifting cultivation move around a lot so calculating tax is very hard • Settled cultivation in those areas where water was scarce. • Jhum cultivators who were forced to take up settled cultivation suffered , because their fields hardly gave good yield
How did colonial rule affect tribal lives? • During pre-colonial time tribal chiefs enjoyed many administrative and influencing rights, but during the colonial period there was a loss of power for the tribal chiefs they had to obey British law and the government restricted the rights of the tribal chiefs.
What happened to the shifting cultivators? • They wanted the tribal's to settle down. • British government wanted tax therefore they wanted tribal's to settle down as it is easier to calculate tax. • Settled cultivation was not successful were water is scarce and soil is dry. • Facing widespread protests, the British had to ultimately allow them the right to carry on shifting cultivation in some parts of the forests.
Forests law and their impact • The British extended their over all forests and declared that forests were state property. • Some forests were classified as reserve forests which was used to produce timber which the British wanted • The colonial officials allowed some land for hum cultivation that they would provide labor for the forests department for looking after forests. • impact:- • many tribal groups reacted against the colonial forest laws . they disobeyed the new rules , continued with the practices that were declared illegal . Such was the revolt of songram sangam of 1906 in assam
many people for example like moneylenders, traders for purchasing raw goods and lending money • These traders made huge profits but only a meager amount reached the producers. • The condition of people who went to towns for work was not also better. • They were paid low wages, and prevent them from returning home.
Throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries tribal's rebelled against the forest laws . • the kolas rebelled in 1831-32 • Santhal rose in revolt in 1855 • The bastar rebellion in central India broke out in 1910 . • Warli revolt in Maharashtra on 1940
Birsa munda-an immortal legacy • In 1895 bursa urged his followers to recover the past glory, a golden agewere the tribals held their heads high • He talked of a goden past were mundas led a good life, constructed embankments, tapped natural springs, planted trees and orchards, practised cultivation to earn their living. • As the movement spread the british officials decided to act. They arrested birsa in 1895, convicted him on charges of rioting and jailed him for 2 years.
When birsa was released in 1897 he began to gather support against the british by using traditional methods • They attacked police stations and churches, and raided the property of moneylenders and zamindars. • They raised the white flag as a symbol of birsa raj. • In 1900 birsamunda died of cholera and the movement faded out.
Significance of the movement of birsamunda • It showed that the tribals could protest against injustice and express their dissatisfaction over the colonial rule • It introduced laws so that the govt could not take away the land of the tribals
questiOns • What did birsamunda refer to as “the golden age”? • What happened to jhumcultiators during the colonial period? • What happened to tribal cheifs during the colonial period? • How were the lives of the tribals affected by the laws imposed by the colonial government? • How were the tribals exploited by the colonial officers? • In what way was the movement of birsamunda significant ?
mcQ • The british described the tribal people as • The method of sowing seeds in jhum cultivation is known as • The tribalscheifs got tittles in central india under the british settlements. • Tribals went to work in the of assam and the in bihar. • Birsa was arrested in year on charges of rioting and jailed him for 2 years.
