Rise of Democracy in Ancient Greece

1. Chapter 26 The Rise of Democracy

2. Geography and Settlement • Steep, rocky mountains • Farms and villages were isolated • Isolation led to different ways of development • Cities included settlement and surrounding farmland • Cities had own laws, army, money, and government • Cities were called city-states

3. Four Governments in Greece • Monarchy 2. Oligarchy 3. Tyranny 4. Democracy

4. Monarchy: Single Person • A single ruler who holds all power in a country or empire. • Originally chosen by the people • Later kings demanded power go to their son upon their death. • In monarchy, rulers inherit their power

5. Monarchy • Kings made laws, acted as judges, conducted religious ceremonies, and led armies to war. • Used armies to punish people who did not obey. • Kings had a council of aristocrats to advise him. • Aristocrats: Members of the most powerful class in Ancient Greece but had no real power

6. End of Monarchy • The king depended on the aristocrats. • Aristocrats realized that as a groups, they were much stronger than the king. • They wanted the kings powers. • Overthrew the king and took power for themselves. • Kings no longer ruled.

7. Oligarchy: Few People • A small group of wealthy men who ruled the city states together, sharing the power. • Most oligarchs were aristocrats who inherited land from their families. • Oligarchs had very comfortable lives. • Hunting, chariot racing, drank wine, had parties • Poor people worked all day and saw the difference as unfair.

8. End of Oligarchy • Oligarchs ignored the needs most people. • Passed laws the poor did not like. • Laws protected their wealth • The rich got richer and the poor got poor. • Poor turned to leaders who promised to improve their lives • Backed by the people, soldiers threw oligarchs out of power.

9. Tyranny: Take Power by Force • One person who seizes power illegally and is not a lawful king. • Most were military leaders who gained support by promising the people more rights. • Some helped the poor and those in debt. • Some did not use their power to help the people.

10. End of Tyranny • Hippias was the last tyrant in Athens. • When his brother, Hipparchus was murdered, Hippias ruled more harshly. • Paid spies to report any criticisms. • His rule became unbearable and he was forced to leave power.

11. Democracy: All Citizens • All the citizens share the ruling power. • “Rule by the people” • Formed direct democracy • Every citizen can vote on every issue • Formed an assembly, or lawmaking group. • Group of citizens with the power to pass laws • Any free man could speak at the assembly or propose to go to war.

12. Impact of Democracy • The United States of America has a representative democracy. • Representative Democracy: people vote for representatives who make decisions for them.

13. Answer the following • What are the steps to create a colony in Ancient Greece?

14. Chapter 27 Athens & Sparta

15. Comparing Two City-States • Athens is located in central Greece near Aegean Sea • Also had great naval fleet • Sparta was isolated – located on a plain in between sea & mountains • They were suspicious of outsiders • Grew most of their food

16. Map of Ancient Greece

17. Athens • Known for great art, architecture, & culture Sparta • Valued strength & simplicity • Produced soldiers, not artists

18. Athenian Government • Became a democracy - only free men over age of 18 born in Athens were citizens • Council of 500 met every day to discuss gov. & new laws • Proposed laws had to be approved by The Assembly debated & voted on new laws with every citizen getting the chance to speak

19. Athenian men gather to debate and vote on new laws

20. Athenian Economy • Economy – way a community organizes the manufacture & exchange of money, food, products, & services • Economy was based on trade because of land shortage & their distance from sea Bought & sold goods at huge market place called an agora • Athenians created coins to make trade easier

21. Education in Athens • Education centered around developing good citizens • Believed in strong mind & healthy body • Until age 6/7, boys were home schooled • From 6-14, they learned reading, writing, arithmetic, & literature – also coached in wrestling & gymnastics • At 18, men began military training – after this wealthy young men studied debate & public speaking

22. Education - continued • Most girls did not learn to read or write • Girls were taught to cook, clean, spin thread, & weave cloth • Most girls married around age of 15

23. Women in Athens • Women could not inherit or own much property • Could not vote or attend the Assembly • Few had jobs – some were priestesses but most managed household & children

24. Slaves in Athens • Slaves were abundant in Athens - had various jobs like: • running households • tutoring children • craftsmen • city clerks • silver miners

25. Spartan Government • Was an oligarchy – had an assembly but most decisions were made by the Council of Elders • This group consisted of 2 kings and 28 other men • Kings inherited power • Elders were elected by assembly • The Council had real power  they prepared laws for assembly to vote on & had power to veto any laws by assembly that they did not like.

26. Spartan Economy • Depended on farming & conquering other people • Spartans turned neighbors into slaves called helots– these new slaves had to give most of their food to Sparta • Spartans also used non-citizens called perioikoi– they were free men who could serve in army – also made necessary items like shoes, iron tools, & pottery

27. Economy - continued • Discouraged trade – did not want ideas from other city-states to weaken their government • Used iron bars as money

28. Education in Sparta • Purpose was to produce men & women who could protect city-state • From age of 7, all children were trained to fight – learned wrestling, boxing, foot racing, & gymnastics • Spartan boys lived & trained in barracks

29. Education - continued • Reading & writing were taught but not considered important. • Important to be a brave soldier  trained to suffer any amount of pain. • At age of 20, Spartan men were given a difficult test of fitness, military ability, & leadership skills - passing test = soldier & full citizenship • Men could not live at home until age of 30

30. Spartan fighting position

31. “I tan i epit tas” Either come back with your shield or on it.

32. Women in Sparta • Were expected to be strong & healthy & ready to fight • Looked after husband’s property in times of war – also guarded against invaders & revolts from slaves • Had many rights that other Greek women did not • Could own & control their own property • Could marry another man if their first husband had been away at war too long

33. Slaves in Sparta • Were people who had been conquered by Spartans – many more helots than citizens • Spartans were afraid helots would revolt so they treated them harshly • Government sometimes declared war on helots so they could legally kill any slaves that might rebel

34. Slaves - continued • Sometimes Spartans would kill best helot fighters to eliminate any future helot leaders • Despite this treatment, they did have some rights • Could marry whoever they wanted • Could sell extra crops • Could even buy freedom if they saved enough money